🌹作者:云小逸
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🤟motto:要敢于一个人默默的面对自己，强大自己才是核心。不要等到什么都没有了，才下定决心去做。种一颗树，最好的时间是十年前，其次就是现在！学会自己和解，与过去和解，努力爱自己。==希望春天来之前，我们一起面朝大海，春暖花开！==🤟
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👏专栏：C语言初阶👏👏专栏：数据结构👏👏专栏：Liunx学习👏

文章目录

• 前言
• • ​
• 7.man指令（重要）：
• • 语法: man [选项] 命令
  • 常用选项
• 8.cp指令（重要）：
• • 语法：cp [选项] 源文件或目录 目标文件或目录
  • 功能: 复制文件或目录
  • 说明:
  • 常用选项：
• 9.mv指令（重要）：
• • 语法: mv [选项] 源文件或目录 目标文件或目录
  • 功能:
  • 常用选项：
  • 举例：
• 10.cat
• • 语法：cat [选项][文件]
  • 功能： 查看目标文件的内容
  • 常用选项：
  • 举例：
• 11.more指令
• • 语法：more [选项][文件]
  • 功能：more命令，功能类似 cat
  • 常用选项：
  • 举例：
• 12.less指令（重要）
• • 语法： less [参数] 文件
  • 功能：
  • 选项：
• 13.head指令
• • 语法： head [参数]... [文件]...
  • 功能：
  • 选项：
• 14.tail指令
• • 语法： tail[必要参数][选择参数][文件]
  • 功能： 用于显示指定文件末尾内容，不指定文件时，作为输入信息进行处理。常用查看日志文件。
  • 选项：
  • 举例：（简单讲解重定向和管道）
  • • 【取前三和后三】
    • 【输出中间三个】
    • • 1.临时文件的方案：
      • 2.管道：
• 最后
• • ​

前言

今天我们开始进行Linux知识的学习，这篇文章主要是承接上一篇文章【Linux常见指令大全（一）】继续书写Linux的基本指令！！！本系列的Linux的指令操作都是在云服务器上操作的。
——————————————————————————————
首先先写上几句话：献给坚持创作的我和点开这篇文章希望进步的你
1.无论你在寻找什么，亲情，友情，或爱情，终其一生，其实你都是一个人，极少有人能真正的像你一样理解你自己，哪怕是亲人，朋友或恋人，他们只能辅助你去理解自己，你唯一的人生课题就是找到自己。

2.不懂得爱自己的人，是没办法爱别人的。某些时候，怜悯不是爱，纵容不是爱，正确的爱是刚柔并济，褒贬具存的，是懒惰时的严厉，哭泣时的拥抱，懦弱时的鼓励，黑夜里的路灯。爱是让风筝飞行的风，是荒漠里久逢甘露，是戈壁滩种下的树，是暴风雨中飞翔的鸟，是你手中紧紧握住又愿意放出的风筝线，正确的爱不会让任何人痛苦，只会让你的精神和心灵在任何天气里都能走得更远站的更高。

3.有时候最大的伤害都来自于最亲近的人，但是你要记住你很好，而且做你自己就好，也不要怨恨，不要变成自己讨厌的样子，不要一直陷在怪圈里，对伤害最好的反击就是:让伤害到我为止。让伤害到我为止不是打碎牙往肚子里咽，而是我有能力消化离开，将我对美好未来的愿望积累，超过我对过去耿耿于怀的怨恨，不再执着责备，不愿耗费一分，可以忍着痛把它抹零，重新开始。理解过去的根源，消解过去的伤痛，和脱离这个怪圈。不计较是否解气是否公平是否委屈，有能忘却一切的决心和离开重新开始新的生活的勇气。

4.人生能真正有效改变自己的，只有为数不多的十来年，珍惜机遇，尤其是你还年轻的时候，比如读书。

5.每个人的生活都下了雪，尽量自己清扫自己的屋檐，体谅别人的辛苦，原谅偶尔的冷漠，没有人是永不疲惫的超人。但是如果可以，你要尽量力所能及做一个能温暖别人的人， 这种感觉也很好。

​

7.man指令（重要）：

Linux的命令有很多参数，我们不可能全记住，我们可以通过查看联机手册获取帮助。访问Linux手册页的命令是man

语法: man [选项] 命令

常用选项

-k 根据关键字搜索联机帮助
num 只在第num章节找
-a 将所有章节的都显示出来，比如 man printf 它缺省从第一章开始搜索，知道就停止，用a选项，当按 下q退出，他会继续往后面搜索，直到所有章节都搜索完毕。

解释一下,面手册分为8章

1 是普通的命令
2 是系统调用,如open,write之类的(通过这个，至少可以很方便的查到调用这个函数，需要加什么头文 件)
3 是库函数,如printf,fread
4是特殊文件,也就是/dev下的各种设备文件
5 是指文件的格式,比如passwd,
就会说明这个文件中各个字段的含义
6 是给游戏留的,由各个游戏自己定义
7 是附件还有一些变量,比如向environ这种全局变量在这里就有说明
8 是系统管理用的命令,这些命令只能由root使用,如ifconfig

1.man是一个查看命令，系统调用，C接口的一个手册！
2.手册是有编号的。
3.man默认是从1号手册开始查找，找到即停。
4.man可以根据指定手册查找man1/2/3------命令/接口/C

上面是Linux系统对man指令的解释【man man】

8.cp指令（重要）：

语法：cp [选项] 源文件或目录 目标文件或目录

功能: 复制文件或目录

说明:

cp指令用于复制文件或目录，如同时指定两个以上的文件或目录，且最后的目的地是一个已经存在的目录，
则它会把前面指定的所有文件或目录复制到此目录中。若同时指定多个文件或目录，而最后的目的地并非一个已存
在的目录，则会出现错误信息

常用选项：

-f 或 --force 强行复制文件或目录， 不论目的文件或目录是否已经存在
-i 或 --interactive 覆盖文件之前先询问用户
-r递归处理，将指定目录下的文件与子目录一并处理。若源文件或目录的形态，不属于目录或符号链 接，则一律视为普通文件处理8处理

cp 拷贝目录和文件，-r -f -i，同rm中的用法。

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.0 directories, 0 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# touch test.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir a/b/c
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘a/b/c’: No such file or directory
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
`-- test.txt0 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir -p a/b/c
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
`-- test.txt3 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir d
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cp test.txt d
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
|-- d
|   `-- test.txt
`-- test.txt4 directories, 2 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cp d a
cp: omitting directory ‘d’
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cp -rf d a
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   |-- b
|   |   `-- c
|   `-- d
|       `-- test.txt
|-- d
|   `-- test.txt
`-- test.txt5 directories, 3 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 

9.mv指令（重要）：

mv命令是move的缩写，可以用来移动文件或者将文件改名（move (rename) files），是Linux系统下常用的命
令，经常用来备份文件或者目录。

语法: mv [选项] 源文件或目录 目标文件或目录

功能:

1. 视mv命令中第二个参数类型的不同（是目标文件还是目标目录），mv命令将文件重命名或将其移至一个新的
   目录中。
2. 当第二个参数类型是文件时，mv命令完成文件重命名，此时，源文件只能有一个（也可以是源目录名），它
   将所给的源文件或目录重命名为给定的目标文件名。
3. 当第二个参数是已存在的目录名称时，源文件或目录参数可以有多个，mv命令将各参数指定的源文件均移至
   目标目录中。

1.类似剪切功能，move，移动文件或者目录
2.对文件或者目录进行重命名

常用选项：

-f ：force 强制的意思，如果目标文件已经存在，不会询问而直接覆盖
-i ：若目标文件 (destination) 已经存在时，就会询问是否覆盖

举例：

将rm改造成mv
vim ~/.bashrc #修改这个文件
mkdir -p ~/.trash
alias rm=trash
alias ur=undelfile
undelfile() {
mv -i ~/.trash/\$@ ./
}
trash() {
mv $@ ~/.trash/
}

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.0 directories, 0 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# touch test
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir a/b/c 
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘a/b/c’: No such file or directory
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir -p a/b/c
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
`-- test3 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir s
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mv test s
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
`-- s`-- test4 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mv s a
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
`-- a|-- b|   `-- c`-- s`-- test4 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 

10.cat

语法：cat [选项][文件]

功能： 查看目标文件的内容

常用选项：

-b 对非空输出行编号
-n 对输出的所有行编号
-s 不输出多行空行

举例：

# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -le 1000 ] ; do echo "hello 106 [$cnt]"; let cnt++; done > test.txt

打印一千行【hello 106】在test.txt文件里；

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -le 1000 ] ; do echo "hello 106 [$cnt]"; let cnt++; done > test.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cat test.txt
hello 106 [0]
hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
hello 106 [3]
hello 106 [4]
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[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cat -n  test.txt1	hello 106 [0]2	hello 106 [1]3	hello 106 [2]4	hello 106 [3]5	hello 106 [4]6	hello 106 [5]7	hello 106 [6]8	hello 106 [7]9	hello 106 [8]10	hello 106 [9]11	hello 106 [10]12	hello 106 [11]13	hello 106 [12]14	hello 106 [13]15	hello 106 [14]16	hello 106 [15]17	hello 106 [16]18	hello 106 [17]19	hello 106 [18]20	hello 106 [19]21	hello 106 [20]22	hello 106 [21]23	hello 106 [22]24	hello 106 [23]25	hello 106 [24]26	hello 106 [25]27	hello 106 [26]28	hello 106 [27]29	hello 106 [28]30	hello 106 [29]31	hello 106 [30]32	hello 106 [31]33	hello 106 [32]34	hello 106 [33]35	hello 106 [34]36	hello 106 [35]37	hello 106 [36]38	hello 106 [37]39	hello 106 [38]40	hello 106 [39]41	hello 106 [40]42	hello 106 [41]43	hello 106 [42]44	hello 106 [43]45	hello 106 [44]46	hello 106 [45]47	hello 106 [46]48	hello 106 [47]49	hello 106 [48]50	hello 106 [49]51	hello 106 [50]52	hello 106 [51]53	hello 106 [52]54	hello 106 [53]55	hello 106 [54]56	hello 106 [55]57	hello 106 [56]58	hello 106 [57]59	hello 106 [58]60	hello 106 [59]61	hello 106 [60]62	hello 106 [61]63	hello 106 [62]64	hello 106 [63]65	hello 106 [64]66	hello 106 [65]67	hello 106 [66]68	hello 106 [67]69	hello 106 [68]70	hello 106 [69]71	hello 106 [70]72	hello 106 [71]73	hello 106 [72]74	hello 106 [73]75	hello 106 [74]76	hello 106 [75]77	hello 106 [76]78	hello 106 [77]79	hello 106 [78]80	hello 106 [79]81	hello 106 [80]82	hello 106 [81]83	hello 106 [82]84	hello 106 [83]85	hello 106 [84]86	hello 106 [85]87	hello 106 [86]88	hello 106 [87]89	hello 106 [88]90	hello 106 [89]91	hello 106 [90]92	hello 106 [91]93	hello 106 [92]94	hello 106 [93]95	hello 106 [94]96	hello 106 [95]97	hello 106 [96]98	hello 106 [97]99	hello 106 [98]100	hello 106 [99]101	hello 106 [100]102	hello 106 [101]103	hello 106 [102]104	hello 106 [103]105	hello 106 [104]106	hello 106 [105]107	hello 106 [106]108	hello 106 [107]109	hello 106 [108]110	hello 106 [109]111	hello 106 [110]112	hello 106 [111]113	hello 106 [112]114	hello 106 [113]115	hello 106 [114]116	hello 106 [115]117	hello 106 [116]118	hello 106 [117]119	hello 106 [118]120	hello 106 [119]121	hello 106 [120]122	hello 106 [121]123	hello 106 [122]124	hello 106 [123]125	hello 106 [124]126	hello 106 [125]127	hello 106 [126]128	hello 106 [127]129	hello 106 [128]130	hello 106 [129]131	hello 106 [130]132	hello 106 [131]133	hello 106 [132]134	hello 106 [133]135	hello 106 [134]136	hello 106 [135]137	hello 106 [136]138	hello 106 [137]139	hello 106 [138]140	hello 106 [139]141	hello 106 [140]142	hello 106 [141]143	hello 106 [142]144	hello 106 [143]145	hello 106 [144]146	hello 106 [145]147	hello 106 [146]148	hello 106 [147]149	hello 106 [148]150	hello 106 [149]151	hello 106 [150]152	hello 106 [151]153	hello 106 [152]154	hello 106 [153]155	hello 106 [154]156	hello 106 [155]157	hello 106 [156]158	hello 106 [157]159	hello 106 [158]160	hello 106 [159]161	hello 106 [160]162	hello 106 [161]163	hello 106 [162]164	hello 106 [163]165	hello 106 [164]166	hello 106 [165]167	hello 106 [166]168	hello 106 [167]169	hello 106 [168]170	hello 106 [169]171	hello 106 [170]172	hello 106 [171]173	hello 106 [172]174	hello 106 [173]175	hello 106 [174]176	hello 106 [175]177	hello 106 [176]178	hello 106 [177]179	hello 106 [178]180	hello 106 [179]181	hello 106 [180]182	hello 106 [181]183	hello 106 [182]184	hello 106 [183]185	hello 106 [184]186	hello 106 [185]187	hello 106 [186]188	hello 106 [187]189	hello 106 [188]190	hello 106 [189]191	hello 106 [190]192	hello 106 [191]193	hello 106 [192]194	hello 106 [193]195	hello 106 [194]196	hello 106 [195]197	hello 106 [196]198	hello 106 [197]199	hello 106 [198]200	hello 106 [199]201	hello 106 [200]202	hello 106 [201]203	hello 106 [202]204	hello 106 [203]205	hello 106 [204]206	hello 106 [205]207	hello 106 [206]208	hello 106 [207]209	hello 106 [208]210	hello 106 [209]211	hello 106 [210]212	hello 106 [211]213	hello 106 [212]214	hello 106 [213]215	hello 106 [214]216	hello 106 [215]217	hello 106 [216]218	hello 106 [217]219	hello 106 [218]220	hello 106 [219]221	hello 106 [220]222	hello 106 [221]223	hello 106 [222]224	hello 106 [223]225	hello 106 [224]226	hello 106 [225]227	hello 106 [226]228	hello 106 [227]229	hello 106 [228]230	hello 106 [229]231	hello 106 [230]232	hello 106 [231]233	hello 106 [232]234	hello 106 [233]235	hello 106 [234]236	hello 106 [235]237	hello 106 [236]238	hello 106 [237]239	hello 106 [238]240	hello 106 [239]241	hello 106 [240]242	hello 106 [241]243	hello 106 [242]244	hello 106 [243]245	hello 106 [244]246	hello 106 [245]247	hello 106 [246]248	hello 106 [247]249	hello 106 [248]250	hello 106 [249]251	hello 106 [250]252	hello 106 [251]253	hello 106 [252]254	hello 106 [253]255	hello 106 [254]256	hello 106 [255]257	hello 106 [256]258	hello 106 [257]259	hello 106 [258]260	hello 106 [259]261	hello 106 [260]262	hello 106 [261]263	hello 106 [262]264	hello 106 [263]265	hello 106 [264]266	hello 106 [265]267	hello 106 [266]268	hello 106 [267]269	hello 106 [268]270	hello 106 [269]271	hello 106 [270]272	hello 106 [271]273	hello 106 [272]274	hello 106 [273]275	hello 106 [274]276	hello 106 [275]277	hello 106 [276]278	hello 106 [277]279	hello 106 [278]280	hello 106 [279]281	hello 106 [280]282	hello 106 [281]283	hello 106 [282]284	hello 106 [283]285	hello 106 [284]286	hello 106 [285]287	hello 106 [286]288	hello 106 [287]289	hello 106 [288]290	hello 106 [289]291	hello 106 [290]292	hello 106 [291]293	hello 106 [292]294	hello 106 [293]295	hello 106 [294]296	hello 106 [295]297	hello 106 [296]298	hello 106 [297]299	hello 106 [298]300	hello 106 [299]301	hello 106 [300]302	hello 106 [301]303	hello 106 [302]304	hello 106 [303]305	hello 106 [304]306	hello 106 [305]307	hello 106 [306]308	hello 106 [307]309	hello 106 [308]310	hello 106 [309]311	hello 106 [310]312	hello 106 [311]313	hello 106 [312]314	hello 106 [313]315	hello 106 [314]316	hello 106 [315]317	hello 106 [316]318	hello 106 [317]319	hello 106 [318]320	hello 106 [319]321	hello 106 [320]322	hello 106 [321]323	hello 106 [322]324	hello 106 [323]325	hello 106 [324]326	hello 106 [325]327	hello 106 [326]328	hello 106 [327]329	hello 106 [328]330	hello 106 [329]331	hello 106 [330]332	hello 106 [331]333	hello 106 [332]334	hello 106 [333]335	hello 106 [334]336	hello 106 [335]337	hello 106 [336]338	hello 106 [337]339	hello 106 [338]340	hello 106 [339]341	hello 106 [340]342	hello 106 [341]343	hello 106 [342]344	hello 106 [343]345	hello 106 [344]346	hello 106 [345]347	hello 106 [346]348	hello 106 [347]349	hello 106 [348]350	hello 106 [349]351	hello 106 [350]352	hello 106 [351]353	hello 106 [352]354	hello 106 [353]355	hello 106 [354]356	hello 106 [355]357	hello 106 [356]358	hello 106 [357]359	hello 106 [358]360	hello 106 [359]361	hello 106 [360]362	hello 106 [361]363	hello 106 [362]364	hello 106 [363]365	hello 106 [364]366	hello 106 [365]367	hello 106 [366]368	hello 106 [367]369	hello 106 [368]370	hello 106 [369]371	hello 106 [370]372	hello 106 [371]373	hello 106 [372]374	hello 106 [373]375	hello 106 [374]376	hello 106 [375]377	hello 106 [376]378	hello 106 [377]379	hello 106 [378]380	hello 106 [379]381	hello 106 [380]382	hello 106 [381]383	hello 106 [382]384	hello 106 [383]385	hello 106 [384]386	hello 106 [385]387	hello 106 [386]388	hello 106 [387]389	hello 106 [388]390	hello 106 [389]391	hello 106 [390]392	hello 106 [391]393	hello 106 [392]394	hello 106 [393]395	hello 106 [394]396	hello 106 [395]397	hello 106 [396]398	hello 106 [397]399	hello 106 [398]400	hello 106 [399]401	hello 106 [400]402	hello 106 [401]403	hello 106 [402]404	hello 106 [403]405	hello 106 [404]406	hello 106 [405]407	hello 106 [406]408	hello 106 [407]409	hello 106 [408]410	hello 106 [409]411	hello 106 [410]412	hello 106 [411]413	hello 106 [412]414	hello 106 [413]415	hello 106 [414]416	hello 106 [415]417	hello 106 [416]418	hello 106 [417]419	hello 106 [418]420	hello 106 [419]421	hello 106 [420]422	hello 106 [421]423	hello 106 [422]424	hello 106 [423]425	hello 106 [424]426	hello 106 [425]427	hello 106 [426]428	hello 106 [427]429	hello 106 [428]430	hello 106 [429]431	hello 106 [430]432	hello 106 [431]433	hello 106 [432]434	hello 106 [433]435	hello 106 [434]436	hello 106 [435]437	hello 106 [436]438	hello 106 [437]439	hello 106 [438]440	hello 106 [439]441	hello 106 [440]442	hello 106 [441]443	hello 106 [442]444	hello 106 [443]445	hello 106 [444]446	hello 106 [445]447	hello 106 [446]448	hello 106 [447]449	hello 106 [448]450	hello 106 [449]451	hello 106 [450]452	hello 106 [451]453	hello 106 [452]454	hello 106 [453]455	hello 106 [454]456	hello 106 [455]457	hello 106 [456]458	hello 106 [457]459	hello 106 [458]460	hello 106 [459]461	hello 106 [460]462	hello 106 [461]463	hello 106 [462]464	hello 106 [463]465	hello 106 [464]466	hello 106 [465]467	hello 106 [466]468	hello 106 [467]469	hello 106 [468]470	hello 106 [469]471	hello 106 [470]472	hello 106 [471]473	hello 106 [472]474	hello 106 [473]475	hello 106 [474]476	hello 106 [475]477	hello 106 [476]478	hello 106 [477]479	hello 106 [478]480	hello 106 [479]481	hello 106 [480]482	hello 106 [481]483	hello 106 [482]484	hello 106 [483]485	hello 106 [484]486	hello 106 [485]487	hello 106 [486]488	hello 106 [487]489	hello 106 [488]490	hello 106 [489]491	hello 106 [490]492	hello 106 [491]493	hello 106 [492]494	hello 106 [493]495	hello 106 [494]496	hello 106 [495]497	hello 106 [496]498	hello 106 [497]499	hello 106 [498]500	hello 106 [499]501	hello 106 [500]502	hello 106 [501]503	hello 106 [502]504	hello 106 [503]505	hello 106 [504]506	hello 106 [505]507	hello 106 [506]508	hello 106 [507]509	hello 106 [508]510	hello 106 [509]511	hello 106 [510]512	hello 106 [511]513	hello 106 [512]514	hello 106 [513]515	hello 106 [514]516	hello 106 [515]517	hello 106 [516]518	hello 106 [517]519	hello 106 [518]520	hello 106 [519]521	hello 106 [520]522	hello 106 [521]523	hello 106 [522]524	hello 106 [523]525	hello 106 [524]526	hello 106 [525]527	hello 106 [526]528	hello 106 [527]529	hello 106 [528]530	hello 106 [529]531	hello 106 [530]532	hello 106 [531]533	hello 106 [532]534	hello 106 [533]535	hello 106 [534]536	hello 106 [535]537	hello 106 [536]538	hello 106 [537]539	hello 106 [538]540	hello 106 [539]541	hello 106 [540]542	hello 106 [541]543	hello 106 [542]544	hello 106 [543]545	hello 106 [544]546	hello 106 [545]547	hello 106 [546]548	hello 106 [547]549	hello 106 [548]550	hello 106 [549]551	hello 106 [550]552	hello 106 [551]553	hello 106 [552]554	hello 106 [553]555	hello 106 [554]556	hello 106 [555]557	hello 106 [556]558	hello 106 [557]559	hello 106 [558]560	hello 106 [559]561	hello 106 [560]562	hello 106 [561]563	hello 106 [562]564	hello 106 [563]565	hello 106 [564]566	hello 106 [565]567	hello 106 [566]568	hello 106 [567]569	hello 106 [568]570	hello 106 [569]571	hello 106 [570]572	hello 106 [571]573	hello 106 [572]574	hello 106 [573]575	hello 106 [574]576	hello 106 [575]577	hello 106 [576]578	hello 106 [577]579	hello 106 [578]580	hello 106 [579]581	hello 106 [580]582	hello 106 [581]583	hello 106 [582]584	hello 106 [583]585	hello 106 [584]586	hello 106 [585]587	hello 106 [586]588	hello 106 [587]589	hello 106 [588]590	hello 106 [589]591	hello 106 [590]592	hello 106 [591]593	hello 106 [592]594	hello 106 [593]595	hello 106 [594]596	hello 106 [595]597	hello 106 [596]598	hello 106 [597]599	hello 106 [598]600	hello 106 [599]601	hello 106 [600]602	hello 106 [601]603	hello 106 [602]604	hello 106 [603]605	hello 106 [604]606	hello 106 [605]607	hello 106 [606]608	hello 106 [607]609	hello 106 [608]610	hello 106 [609]611	hello 106 [610]612	hello 106 [611]613	hello 106 [612]614	hello 106 [613]615	hello 106 [614]616	hello 106 [615]617	hello 106 [616]618	hello 106 [617]619	hello 106 [618]620	hello 106 [619]621	hello 106 [620]622	hello 106 [621]623	hello 106 [622]624	hello 106 [623]625	hello 106 [624]626	hello 106 [625]627	hello 106 [626]628	hello 106 [627]629	hello 106 [628]630	hello 106 [629]631	hello 106 [630]632	hello 106 [631]633	hello 106 [632]634	hello 106 [633]635	hello 106 [634]636	hello 106 [635]637	hello 106 [636]638	hello 106 [637]639	hello 106 [638]640	hello 106 [639]641	hello 106 [640]642	hello 106 [641]643	hello 106 [642]644	hello 106 [643]645	hello 106 [644]646	hello 106 [645]647	hello 106 [646]648	hello 106 [647]649	hello 106 [648]650	hello 106 [649]651	hello 106 [650]652	hello 106 [651]653	hello 106 [652]654	hello 106 [653]655	hello 106 [654]656	hello 106 [655]657	hello 106 [656]658	hello 106 [657]659	hello 106 [658]660	hello 106 [659]661	hello 106 [660]662	hello 106 [661]663	hello 106 [662]664	hello 106 [663]665	hello 106 [664]666	hello 106 [665]667	hello 106 [666]668	hello 106 [667]669	hello 106 [668]670	hello 106 [669]671	hello 106 [670]672	hello 106 [671]673	hello 106 [672]674	hello 106 [673]675	hello 106 [674]676	hello 106 [675]677	hello 106 [676]678	hello 106 [677]679	hello 106 [678]680	hello 106 [679]681	hello 106 [680]682	hello 106 [681]683	hello 106 [682]684	hello 106 [683]685	hello 106 [684]686	hello 106 [685]687	hello 106 [686]688	hello 106 [687]689	hello 106 [688]690	hello 106 [689]691	hello 106 [690]692	hello 106 [691]693	hello 106 [692]694	hello 106 [693]695	hello 106 [694]696	hello 106 [695]697	hello 106 [696]698	hello 106 [697]699	hello 106 [698]700	hello 106 [699]701	hello 106 [700]702	hello 106 [701]703	hello 106 [702]704	hello 106 [703]705	hello 106 [704]706	hello 106 [705]707	hello 106 [706]708	hello 106 [707]709	hello 106 [708]710	hello 106 [709]711	hello 106 [710]712	hello 106 [711]713	hello 106 [712]714	hello 106 [713]715	hello 106 [714]716	hello 106 [715]717	hello 106 [716]718	hello 106 [717]719	hello 106 [718]720	hello 106 [719]721	hello 106 [720]722	hello 106 [721]723	hello 106 [722]724	hello 106 [723]725	hello 106 [724]726	hello 106 [725]727	hello 106 [726]728	hello 106 [727]729	hello 106 [728]730	hello 106 [729]731	hello 106 [730]732	hello 106 [731]733	hello 106 [732]734	hello 106 [733]735	hello 106 [734]736	hello 106 [735]737	hello 106 [736]738	hello 106 [737]739	hello 106 [738]740	hello 106 [739]741	hello 106 [740]742	hello 106 [741]743	hello 106 [742]744	hello 106 [743]745	hello 106 [744]746	hello 106 [745]747	hello 106 [746]748	hello 106 [747]749	hello 106 [748]750	hello 106 [749]751	hello 106 [750]752	hello 106 [751]753	hello 106 [752]754	hello 106 [753]755	hello 106 [754]756	hello 106 [755]757	hello 106 [756]758	hello 106 [757]759	hello 106 [758]760	hello 106 [759]761	hello 106 [760]762	hello 106 [761]763	hello 106 [762]764	hello 106 [763]765	hello 106 [764]766	hello 106 [765]767	hello 106 [766]768	hello 106 [767]769	hello 106 [768]770	hello 106 [769]771	hello 106 [770]772	hello 106 [771]773	hello 106 [772]774	hello 106 [773]775	hello 106 [774]776	hello 106 [775]777	hello 106 [776]778	hello 106 [777]779	hello 106 [778]780	hello 106 [779]781	hello 106 [780]782	hello 106 [781]783	hello 106 [782]784	hello 106 [783]785	hello 106 [784]786	hello 106 [785]787	hello 106 [786]788	hello 106 [787]789	hello 106 [788]790	hello 106 [789]791	hello 106 [790]792	hello 106 [791]793	hello 106 [792]794	hello 106 [793]795	hello 106 [794]796	hello 106 [795]797	hello 106 [796]798	hello 106 [797]799	hello 106 [798]800	hello 106 [799]801	hello 106 [800]802	hello 106 [801]803	hello 106 [802]804	hello 106 [803]805	hello 106 [804]806	hello 106 [805]807	hello 106 [806]808	hello 106 [807]809	hello 106 [808]810	hello 106 [809]811	hello 106 [810]812	hello 106 [811]813	hello 106 [812]814	hello 106 [813]815	hello 106 [814]816	hello 106 [815]817	hello 106 [816]818	hello 106 [817]819	hello 106 [818]820	hello 106 [819]821	hello 106 [820]822	hello 106 [821]823	hello 106 [822]824	hello 106 [823]825	hello 106 [824]826	hello 106 [825]827	hello 106 [826]828	hello 106 [827]829	hello 106 [828]830	hello 106 [829]831	hello 106 [830]832	hello 106 [831]833	hello 106 [832]834	hello 106 [833]835	hello 106 [834]836	hello 106 [835]837	hello 106 [836]838	hello 106 [837]839	hello 106 [838]840	hello 106 [839]841	hello 106 [840]842	hello 106 [841]843	hello 106 [842]844	hello 106 [843]845	hello 106 [844]846	hello 106 [845]847	hello 106 [846]848	hello 106 [847]849	hello 106 [848]850	hello 106 [849]851	hello 106 [850]852	hello 106 [851]853	hello 106 [852]854	hello 106 [853]855	hello 106 [854]856	hello 106 [855]857	hello 106 [856]858	hello 106 [857]859	hello 106 [858]860	hello 106 [859]861	hello 106 [860]862	hello 106 [861]863	hello 106 [862]864	hello 106 [863]865	hello 106 [864]866	hello 106 [865]867	hello 106 [866]868	hello 106 [867]869	hello 106 [868]870	hello 106 [869]871	hello 106 [870]872	hello 106 [871]873	hello 106 [872]874	hello 106 [873]875	hello 106 [874]876	hello 106 [875]877	hello 106 [876]878	hello 106 [877]879	hello 106 [878]880	hello 106 [879]881	hello 106 [880]882	hello 106 [881]883	hello 106 [882]884	hello 106 [883]885	hello 106 [884]886	hello 106 [885]887	hello 106 [886]888	hello 106 [887]889	hello 106 [888]890	hello 106 [889]891	hello 106 [890]892	hello 106 [891]893	hello 106 [892]894	hello 106 [893]895	hello 106 [894]896	hello 106 [895]897	hello 106 [896]898	hello 106 [897]899	hello 106 [898]900	hello 106 [899]901	hello 106 [900]902	hello 106 [901]903	hello 106 [902]904	hello 106 [903]905	hello 106 [904]906	hello 106 [905]907	hello 106 [906]908	hello 106 [907]909	hello 106 [908]910	hello 106 [909]911	hello 106 [910]912	hello 106 [911]913	hello 106 [912]914	hello 106 [913]915	hello 106 [914]916	hello 106 [915]917	hello 106 [916]918	hello 106 [917]919	hello 106 [918]920	hello 106 [919]921	hello 106 [920]922	hello 106 [921]923	hello 106 [922]924	hello 106 [923]925	hello 106 [924]926	hello 106 [925]927	hello 106 [926]928	hello 106 [927]929	hello 106 [928]930	hello 106 [929]931	hello 106 [930]932	hello 106 [931]933	hello 106 [932]934	hello 106 [933]935	hello 106 [934]936	hello 106 [935]937	hello 106 [936]938	hello 106 [937]939	hello 106 [938]940	hello 106 [939]941	hello 106 [940]942	hello 106 [941]943	hello 106 [942]944	hello 106 [943]945	hello 106 [944]946	hello 106 [945]947	hello 106 [946]948	hello 106 [947]949	hello 106 [948]950	hello 106 [949]951	hello 106 [950]952	hello 106 [951]953	hello 106 [952]954	hello 106 [953]955	hello 106 [954]956	hello 106 [955]957	hello 106 [956]958	hello 106 [957]959	hello 106 [958]960	hello 106 [959]961	hello 106 [960]962	hello 106 [961]963	hello 106 [962]964	hello 106 [963]965	hello 106 [964]966	hello 106 [965]967	hello 106 [966]968	hello 106 [967]969	hello 106 [968]970	hello 106 [969]971	hello 106 [970]972	hello 106 [971]973	hello 106 [972]974	hello 106 [973]975	hello 106 [974]976	hello 106 [975]977	hello 106 [976]978	hello 106 [977]979	hello 106 [978]980	hello 106 [979]981	hello 106 [980]982	hello 106 [981]983	hello 106 [982]984	hello 106 [983]985	hello 106 [984]986	hello 106 [985]987	hello 106 [986]988	hello 106 [987]989	hello 106 [988]990	hello 106 [989]991	hello 106 [990]992	hello 106 [991]993	hello 106 [992]994	hello 106 [993]995	hello 106 [994]996	hello 106 [995]997	hello 106 [996]998	hello 106 [997]999	hello 106 [998]1000	hello 106 [999]1001	hello 106 [1000]
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 

cat指令是从第一行打印文本内容！！！
tac是逆序打印文本内容
但是两者不还是会查看大文本，适合小文本或者代码片段！

11.more指令

语法：more [选项][文件]

功能：more命令，功能类似 cat

常用选项：

-n 对输出的所有行编号
q 退出more

举例：

[atong@LiWenTong ~]$ ls -l / | more
total 162
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 25 05:39 bin
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 1024 Apr 25 04:11boot
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 3820 May 4 23:20 dev
drwxr-xr-x 84 root root 4096 May 5 00:37 etc

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# more -10 test.txt
# 打印文本的前十行
hello 106 [0]
hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
hello 106 [3]
hello 106 [4]
hello 106 [5]
hello 106 [6]
hello 106 [7]
hello 106 [8]
hello 106 [9]
--More--(0%)

12.less指令（重要）

less 工具也是对文件或其它输出进行分页显示的工具，应该说是linux正统查看文件内容的工具，功能极其强大。 less 的用法比起
more 更加的有弹性。在 more 的时候，我们并没有办法向前面翻， 只能往后面看 但若使用了 less 时，就可以使用
[pageup][pagedown] 等按键的功能来往前往后翻看文件，更容易用 来查看一个文件的内容！ 除此之外，在 less
里头可以拥有更多的搜索功能，不止可以向下搜，也可以向上搜

。

语法： less [参数] 文件

功能：

less与more类似，但使用less可以随意浏览文件，而more仅能向前移动，却不能向后移动，而且less在查看之前
不会加载整个文件。

选项：

-i 忽略搜索时的大小写
-N 显示每行的行号
/字符串：向下搜索“字符串”的功能
?字符串：向上搜索“字符串”的功能
n：重复前一个搜索（与 / 或 ? 有关）
N：反向重复前一个搜索（与 / 或 ? 有关） q:quit

less  test.txt

使用less查看的时候，可以上下键进行查看
less和more适合查看大文本

可以在光标处输入/然后再输入你想查找的东西即可

13.head指令

head 与 tail 就像它的名字一样的浅显易懂，它是用来显示开头或结尾某个数量的文字区块，head 用来显示档案的 开头至标准输出中，而
tail 想当然尔就是看档案的结尾。

语法： head [参数]… [文件]…

功能：

head 用来显示档案的开头至标准输出中，默认head命令打印其相应文件的开头10行。

选项：

-n<行数> 显示的行数

14.tail指令

tail 命令从指定点开始将文件写到标准输出.使用tail命令的-f选项可以方便的查阅正在改变的日志文件,tail - ffilename会把filename里最尾部的内容显示在屏幕上,并且不但刷新,使你看到最新的文件内容.

语法： tail[必要参数][选择参数][文件]

功能： 用于显示指定文件末尾内容，不指定文件时，作为输入信息进行处理。常用查看日志文件。

选项：

-f 循环读取
-n<行数> 显示行数

举例：（简单讲解重定向和管道）

有一个文件共有100行内容，请取出第50行内容

seq 1 100 > test # 生成1到100的序列装入test
方法1 head -n50 test > tmp #将前50行装入临时文件tmp
tail -n1 tmp #得到中建行
方法2 head -n50 test | tail -n1

【取前三和后三】

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# less  test.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# head -3 test.txt
hello 106 [0]
hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tail -3 test.txt
hello 106 [998]
hello 106 [999]
hello 106 [1000]

【输出中间三个】

1.临时文件的方案：

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# head -101 test.txt > tem.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tail -3 tem.txt
hello 106 [98]
hello 106 [99]
hello 106 [100]

【>】重定向符将内容写入后面的文本文件中

2.管道：

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# head -101 test.txt | tail -3
hello 106 [98]
hello 106 [99]
hello 106 [100]

并逆置，提前前三行

最后

十分感谢你可以耐着性子把它读完和我可以坚持写到这里，送几句话，对你，也对我：

1.有时候你可以自私，你不必坚强，你可以哭泣，你可以做任何别人无法理解的事情来发泄你的烦恼(别犯法)，当你休息好，要记得再出发。

2.很多成就，大的成就小的成就，都是在痛苦，挫折，困难中收获的。只做简单的事情，你没法成长也很正常。

3.注意健康，好好活着。来人间一趟不容易。

4.当你害怕时不要退缩，我劝你迎难而上，如果你是个小朋友，在学校被人揍了，一定要当场给我揍回去，但是反击适当，不要太重。哪怕打不过，下一次他揍你之前也会好好想想。如果你不反击，他连想都不会想。

5.如果有一天，让你心动的再也感动不了你，让你愤怒的再也激怒不了你，让你悲伤的再也不能让你流泪，你便知道这时光、这生活给了你什么，你为了成长，付出了什么。

最后如果觉得我写的还不错，请不要忘记点赞✌，收藏✌，加关注✌哦(｡･ω･｡)

愿我们一起加油，奔向更美好的未来，愿我们从懵懵懂懂的一枚菜鸟逐渐成为大佬。加油，为自己点赞！
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