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7. 项目经理通知敏捷团队成员,由于意外的个人问题,产品负责人将不能参加即将到来的冲刺审查。这种情况下最可能的结果是什么? A project manager informs the agile team members that, due to unexpected personal issues, the product owner will be unable to attend the upcoming sprint review. What would be the most likely outcome of this situation?
A不清楚团队在冲刺期间开发的产品增量是否被接受 It will be unclear whether the product increment developed by the team during the sprint is accepted or not
B团队无法确定他们用于开发产品的过程是否需要改进 The team will be unable to determine if the process they used to develop the product needs improvement
C不会产生任何严重后果,因为产品负责人缺席了一次冲刺审查会议 There will be no significant consequences as a result of the product owner missing one sprint review meeting
D无法确定项目团队在最新冲刺期间增加了多少价值 It will be impossible to determine how much value has been added by the project team during the latest sprint
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P55 章节:5.2.5 展示/评审 :当团队以用户故事的形式完成特定功能时,团队会定期展示工作产品。看过展示后,产品负责人接受或拒绝故事。 PO决定接受或拒绝故事,PO来不了,就验收不了。
11. 高级主管希望开始一项计划,将公司战略和附加价值与业务计划保持一致。应该先创建下列哪一项? A senior executive wants to start an initiative align the company’s strategy and add business plan. Which of the following should be developed first?
A项目和产品的详细描述 Detailed description of project and product
B描述项目可交付成果和创建这些可交付成果所需工作的说明书 Statement describing the project’s deliverables and the work required to create deliverables
C定义如何执行、监控和收尾项目的项目计划 Project plan to define how the project is executed, monitored and controlled
D正式授权一个项目的文件 Document that formally authorizes the project
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P81 章节:4.1.3.1 项目章程: 项目章程是由项目启动者或发起人发布的,正式批准项目成立,并授权项目经理使用组织资源开展项目活动的文件。它记录了关于项目和项目预期交付的产品、服务或成果的高层级信息。项目要在章程正式批准后才能正式开始。
13. 作为估算活动持续时间过程的一部分,项目经理促成了与产品负责人和Scrum团队的冲刺计划会议。项目经理将用户故事分解为较小的任务项,以小时为单位估算所需时间,并根据团队的能力确定冲刺待办事项列表。尽管计划周密,冲刺还是失败了。项目经理当初可采取什么样的不同做法? As part of the Estimate Activity Durations process, the project manager facilitates a sprint planning meeting with the product owner and Scrum team. The project manager breaks down the user stories into low-level tasks, estimates the time required in hours, and determines the sprint backlog based on the team's capacity. Despite meticulous planning, the sprint fails. What might the project manager have done differently?
A在确定冲刺待办事项列表之前,要求团队为产品待办事项列表设优先级 Asked the team to prioritize the product backlog before determining the sprint backlog
B将确定的低级任务分配给项目进度计划中的特定人员 Assigned the identified low-level tasks to specific individuals in the project schedule
C授权团队确定他们在冲刺期间可以完成多少用户故事 Empowered the team to determine how many user stories they can complete during the sprint
D在估算用户故事和任务的大小时,使用故事点而不是小时 Used story points instead of hours while estimating the size of the user stories and tasks
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P153 章节:术语表 自组织团队:它是一种跨职能团队,其中为实现团队目标团队成员根据需要轮换着发挥领导作用。 自组织团队的核 心就是做什么事情,团队成员说了算。
15. 一个敏捷项目已经进入了第七次冲刺阶段。在冲刺结束前两天,客户通知产品负责人,他们忘记在冲刺中包含某个功能。高级经理无意中听到谈话,并表示包含该功能意味着范围蔓延,并不应被允许。产品负责人的最佳行动方案是什么? An agile project has entered its seventh sprint. Two days before the end of the sprint, the customer informs the product owner that they forgot to include one feature in the sprint. A senior manager overhears the conversation and states that including the feature represents scope creep and should not be allowed. What is the product owner's best course of action?
A与客户合作,在产品待办事项列表中为该功能设优先级 Work with the customer to prioritize the feature in the product backlog
B请求客户提交变更请求 Request that the customer submit a change request
C指导团队在当前的冲刺中开发该功能 Instruct the team to develop the feature in the current sprint
D按照高级经理的指示拒绝该功能 Reject the feature as instructed by the senior manager
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:41 章节:4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner: 创建待办列表并排序 、确认工作优先顺序、 提供反馈、 指导开发方向 敏捷拥抱变更, PO与客户一起确认优先级。
17. 敏捷项目团队与产品负责人、项目经理和其他关键项目相关方会面,讨论项目必须经过的多层计划。参与者承认在发布和迭代级别上需要计划。项目经理指出,每天都需要规划。项目经理指的是以下哪项? An agile project team meets with the product owner, project manager, and other key project stakeholders to discuss the multiple levels of planning that the project will have to go through. The participants acknowledge that planning will be required at the release and iteration level. The project manager indicates that planning will also be required on a day-to-day basis. Which of the following does the project manager refer to?
A在项目中尽早实施体系结构刺探以降低技术风险 Carrying out an architectural spike to reduce technical risks as early as possible in the project
B同步和协调导致完成任务的个别活动 Synchronizing and coordinating the individual activities that lead up to the completion of a task
C获取项目团队成员,并根据资源管理计划分配任务 Acquiring project team members and assigning the tasks per the resource management plan
D与组织中从事同一项目的其他团队协调团队活动 Coordinating team activities with other teams working on the same project in the organization
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P53 章节:5.2.4 每日站会:• 上次站会以来我都完成 了什么? • 从现在到下一次站会, 我计划完成什么? • 我的障碍(或风险或 问题)是什么? 每日站会不解决问题。
20. 对于一个具有战略意义的重要客户资源,项目经理在确认矩阵组织中资源可用性时,发现某个关键资源已调往一个内部项目,项目经理首先应该采取何种行动? For a strategically important customer resource, when the project manager identifies a resource availability in a matrix organization, it discovers that a key resource has been redeployed to an internal project, and what action should the project manager take first?
A与项目赞助人协商推迟项目 Negotiate and postpone projects with project sponsors
B要求项目管理办公室将资源重新调回项目 Request the project management Office to reassign resources to the project
C更新风险登记簿 Update the Risk register
D与职能经理协商将资源重新调回项目 Negotiate resources back to project with functional manager
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P332 章节:9.3.2.2 谈判: 职能经理。 确保项目在要求的时限内获得最佳资源,直到完成职责。 执行组织中的其他项目 管理团队。合理分配稀缺或特殊资源。 外部组织和供应商。提供合适的、稀缺的、特殊的、合格的、经认证的或其他 特殊的团队或实物资源。 特别需要注意与外部谈判 有关的政策、惯例、流程、指南、法律及其他标准。 获取资源,优先谈判
22. 项目团队成员来自于多个部门,并将处理项目和运营活动,任务和资源均已确定。若要确保资源,项目经理应做什么? Project team members come from multiple departments and will handle project and operational activities, tasks and resources have been determined. What should the project manager do to ensure resources?
A要求职能经理为项目提供可用资源 Ask the functional manager to provide available resources for the project
B与职能经理协商项目的资源和角色 Negotiate project resources and roles with functional managers
C联系资源,沟通任务,并与职能经理确认 Contact resources, communicate tasks, and confirm with functional manager
D将资源需求发送给发起人以与职能经理协商 Send resource requirements to the sponsor to negotiate with the functional manager
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P332 章节:9.3.2.2 谈判: 职能经理。 确保项目在要求的时限内获得最佳资源, 直到完成职责。 执行组织中的其他项目管理团队。合理分配稀缺 或特殊资源。 外部组织和供应商。提供合适的、稀缺的、特殊的、合格的、经认证的或其他 特殊的团队或实物资源。 特别需要注意与外部谈判有关的政策、惯例、流程、 指南、法律及其他标准。 获取资源,优先谈判
24. 一位敏捷教练被分配到一个新成立的团队中,负责他们的第一个项目。教练安排了团队,提供了关于敏捷最佳实践的培训,并解释说敏捷团队是自我管理的。然而,团队成员正在努力从看板面板分配用户故事,并且由于缺乏协作,生产力正在受到影响。敏捷教练的最佳行动方案是什么? An agile coach has been assigned to a newly formed team with their first project. The coach colocated the team, provided training on agile best practices, and explained that agile teams are self-managing. However, the team members are struggling to assign user stories from the Kanban board, and productivity is suffering as a result of the lack of collaboration. What is the best course of action for the agile coach?
A忽略这个问题,因为敏捷团队应该是自我管理的 Ignore the problem as agile teams are supposed to be self-managing.
B从现在开始,将用户故事标记给各个团队成员 Assign the user stories to individual team members from now onward
C将团队章程替换为更有生产力的项目团队的章程 Replace the team charter with one from a more productive project team.
D采取更直接的方法,由于团队仍处于形成阶段 Take a more directive approach since the team is still in its forming stage.
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P338 章节:9.4 塔克曼阶梯理论:形成阶段 、 震荡阶段 、规范阶段、成熟阶段 、 解散阶段 形成阶段,敏捷教练应该指导团队。
25. 两名项目团队成员经常对项目工作方法产生分歧,若要解决这样的情况,项目经理应该做什么? Two project team members often disagree on project working methods. What should the project manager do to resolve this situation?
A与这些团队成员的直接经理进行面对面的会谈 Have face-to-face meetings with the direct managers of these team members
B审查团队绩效数据以确定这是否影响项目 Review team performance data to determine if this affects the project
C组织团队建设活动以增强团队关系 Organize team building activities to enhance team relationships
D使用冲突管理技能,营造一个积极的工作环境 Use conflict management skills to create a positive work environment
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:348 章节:9.5.2.1 冲突管理 :成功的冲突管理可提高生产力,改进工作关系。同时,如果管理得当,意见分歧有利于提高创造力和改进决策。 如果管理得当,有助于提高创造力和改进。
26. 一家供应商称因为某项主要功能未包含在约定的范围内,所以未能实施。项目团队不认同这一说法,项目经理下一步应该做什么? A supplier said that a major function could not be implemented because it was not included in the agreed scope. The project team did not agree with this statement. What should the project manager do next?
A将该问题升级上报给项目发起人解决 Escalate the issue to the project sponsor for resolution
B签发一份报价邀请书(RFQ),聘请新的供应商 Issue an invitation to quote (RFQ) and hire a new supplier
C要求法律部门对供应商采取行动 Ask the legal department to take action on the supplier
D审查采购管理计划和合同协议 Review the procurement management plan and contract agreement
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P489 章节:12.2.3.2 协议:可包括(但不限于): 采购工作说明书或主要的 可交付成果; 进度计划、里程碑,或进度计划中规定的日期; 绩效报告; 定价和支付条款; 检查、质量和验收标准; 范围有歧义, 查看合同中对可交付成果的定义
28. 在项目开始时,一位相关方通知项目经理他们将缺席多次项目会议,项目经理首先应该做什么? At the beginning of the project, a related party informs the project manager that they will be absent from multiple project meetings. What should the project manager do first?
A识别一位替代相关方在该相关方缺席时参加会议 Identify an alternate party to the meeting in the absence of that party.
B通过映射他们的权力和影响力来分析相关方 Analyze interested parties by mapping their power and influence.
C监控该相关方,并在会议之前请求提供信息 Monitor the interested party and request information before the meeting
D坚持要求让该相关方参加所有会议以避免开创先例 Insist on having the relevant party participate in all meetings to avoid setting a precedent
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P512 章节:13.1.2.4 权力影响方格: 基于相关方的职权级别(权力)、对项目成果的关心程度(利益)、对项目成果的影响能力(影响),或改变项目计划或执行的能力,每一种方格都可用于对相关方进行分类。 与权力/利益方格类似,权力影响也是分成四个区间。
35. 公司计划发布一款新的软件产品以应对市场需求,项目经理组织一次与所有内部项目相关方会议,讨论并整合输入和想法。项目经理执行的是下列哪一项? A company plans to release a new software product in response to market demand. A project manager organizes a workshop with all internal project stakeholders to discuss and consolidate inputs and ideas. What is the project manager performing?
A思维导图 Mind mapping
B决策分析 Decision analysis
C亲和图 Affinity diagramming
D头脑风暴 Brainstorming
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P80 章节:4.1.2.2 头脑风暴: 本技术用于在短时间内获得大量创意,适用于团队环境,需要引导者进行引导。头脑风暴由两个部分构成:创意产生和创意分析。 召集所有相关方讨论想法。 ABC启动过程没有此工具
41. 在每日站会上,项目经理与团队成员逐个交流,询问每个成员已经完成的工作,并批评他们到目前为止团队进展缓慢。会议持续了近一个小时,最后变成了一个状态会议。项目经理应该做些什么来避免下次的站会变成状态会议? During a daily standup meeting, the project manager goes from one team member to another questioning each one on the work they have accomplished and reprimanding them for the slow progress the team made so far. The meeting lasts for almost an hour and turns into a status meeting. What should the project manager do differently to avoid the next standup meeting turning into a status meeting?
A使用在会议开始30分钟后配置为报警的计时器 Use a timer configured to alarm 30 minutes after the start of the meeting
B将开发生命周期从适应型切换到预测 Switch the development life cycle from adaptive to predictive
C让团队成员代替项目经理来引导站会 Have a team member to facilitate the standup instead of the project manager
D只关注阻碍进展的障碍和阻碍的问题 Only focus on issues that represent roadblocks and impediments to progress
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P54 章节:5.2.4 站会中常见的一个反模式是,站会变成了状态报告会议。 团队可以举办自己的站会。只要体现了团队工作需要的 密切合作,进行顺利,站会便会非常有用。要针对团队 何时需要站会、站会是否有效等问题有意识地做出决定。 站会可以自组织,让团队成员轮流主持。站会非状态报告会。
43. 一个关键相关方坚持团队用正式的文档广泛地记录软件代码。产品负责人解释说,虽然一定数量的文档是必要的,但团队成员最好把时间花在开发软件上,因为这对客户来说代表了最大的价值。产品负责人向相关方解释了以下哪一种敏捷概念? A key stakeholder insists that the team extensively documents the software code in a formal document. The product owner explains that while a certain amount of documentation is necessary, the team members time is better spent developing the software because it is what represents the most value to the customer. Which of the following agile concepts does the product owner explain to the stakeholder?
A略微分配 Fractionally assigned
B服务型领导 Servant leadership
C勉强够用 Barely sufficient
D结对编程 Pair programming
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P9 章节:2.2 工作的软件大于流程和文档。
45. 在什么时候通过增加剩余项目的预算(利用业绩表现修正的)达到当前实际的计算EAC的方法最经常使用? When is the most frequently used method of calculating EAC by increasing the budget of the remaining projects (corrected by performance) to achieve the current actual calculation?
A在偏离被视为非典型的偏离的时候 Current variances are viewed as atypical ones
B由于条件发生变化,初始的估计假定不再可信的时候 Original estimating assumptions are no longer reliable because conditions have changed
C当前的偏离被视为未来偏离的代表的时候 Current variances are viewed as typical of future variances
D初始的估计假定被认为存在根本性缺陷的时候 Original estimating assumptions are considered to be fundamentally flawed
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P265 章节:7.4.2.2 预测:假设以当前 CPI 完成 ETC 工作。这种方法假设项目将按 截至目前的情况继续进行,即 ETC工作将按项目截至目前的累计成本绩效指数(CPI) 实施。公式:EAC = BAC/CPI。 利用业绩表现修正,说明偏差 具备代表性, 属于典型偏差。
51. 一家公司已与一家水电站签订了软件开发合同。项目管理计划指定Scrum作为开发方法。在项目的几次冲刺阶段,监管机构通知执行机构,由于新的环境法,原本不包括在范围基准中的安全功能将需要被内置到软件中。项目经理的最佳行动方案是什么? A company has been contracted to develop software for a hydroelectric plant. The project management plan specifies Scrum as the development approach. Few sprints into the project, regulators notify the performing organization that due to new environmental laws, safety features originally not included in the scope baseline will need to be built into the software. What is the project manager's best course of action?
A发出变更请求以更新项目管理计划,一旦获得批准,确保范围基准得到更新 Issue a change request to update the project management plan and, once approved, ensure that the scope baseline is updated
B与产品负责人进行根本原因分析,以确定为安全功能最初未包含在范围中的原因 Conduct a root cause analysts with the product owner to determine why the safety features were not included in the scope in the first place
C使用MoSCoW优先级模型来梳理范围基准,并将新的安全功能分类为"应具有" Use the MoSCoW model of prioritization to groom the scope baseline and categorize the new safety features as "should have"
D在冲刺计划期间与团队讨论新功能,如果团队同意,请他们在下次冲刺中实现功能 Discuss the new features with the team during sprint planning and if the team agrees, ask them to implement the features in the next sprint
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P113 章节:4.6 变更流程:变更提出后,先分析影响,再提交含解决措施的变更请求给 CCB 存在范围基准,说明使用了混合方法 改变了范围基准, 需要提交变更请求。
52. 在你的项目中,镀金一直是反复出现的问题,因为团队一直在添加他们认为对客户有用的功能,尽管这些功能并没有包含在WBS中。变更请求是在事后提交的,并且一些功能最终被添加到项目范围。你担心与计划的偏差。你会怎样做才能更好地控制范围,防止进一步镀金? Gold plating had been a recurring issue on your project as the team has been adding features they think are useful for the customer even though the features were not included in the WBS. Change requests have been submitted after the fact, and some of the features were eventually added to the project scope. You are concerned about deviations from the plan. What might you do to control scope better and prevent further gold plating?
A采用敏捷方法,这样团队就可以开发任何他们认为有价值的功能 Adopt an agile approach so the team can develop any features they deem valuable
B提交变更请求,以获取问题日志中的镀金问题 Submit a change request to capture the gold plating problem in the issue log
C在项目回顾中讨论问题,并更新经验教训登记册 Discuss the issue at the project retrospective and update the lessons learned register
D与团队成员进行日常站会的敏捷实践相协调 Incorporate the agile practice of holding daily standup meetings with the team
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 补充知识点 范围蔓延: 在客户的要求下,没有经过正常的范围变更控制批准程序, 而直接扩大了项目定义范围的工作内容。 镀金:范围蔓延的一种,指在定义范围的工作范围以内,项目团队主动增加的额外工作。 镀金是在任何开发方法中 都不建议的。因此A不对, 即使到敏捷,也是PO决定范围。 D,每日站会让开发团队集中在现有范围内。
55. 敏捷教练协助团队召开会议,对团队刚刚完成的迭代进行反思和调整。教练和团队成员为讨论设置了阶段,创建了迭代过程中发生的事情的共享图片,评估在前一步中生成的数据,并决定如何处理讨论过程中确定的问题。这次会议的下一步应该是什么? An agile coach facilitates a meeting with the team to reflect and adapt on the iteration the team has just completed. The coach and the team members set the stage for the discussion, create a shared picture of what happened during the iteration, evaluate the data generated in the previous step, and decide what to do about the problems identified during the discussion. What should be the next step in this meeting?
A执行决策 Implement the decisions
B结束会议 Close the meeting
C演示产品 Demonstrate the product
D解散参与者 Dismiss the participants
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P50 章节:5.2.1 回顾总结会:回顾是最重要的一个实践,原因是它能让 团队学习、改进和调整其过程。 回顾会的三个步骤,反思—改进—计划。题干中步骤完成,结束会议。
59. 项目经理在项目执行中途负责管理该项目。项目相关方对团队绩效和交付表示担忧。团队成员向项目经理保证,根据批准的范围,项目符合进度计划和预算。 若要管理这项目的相关方,项目经理应查阅哪份文件? The project manager is responsible for managing the project in the midway of the project. Project stakeholders are concerned about team performance and delivery. The team members assure the project manager that the project is in line with the schedule and budget according to the approved scope. Which document should the project manager review to manage the stakeholders involved in this project?
A绩效报告 Performance Report
B项目管理信息系统 (PMIS)Project Management Information System (PMIS)
C绩效改进计划 Performance Improvement Plan
D培训计划 Training Program
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P382 章节:10.2.1.3 工作绩效报告: 根据沟通管理计划的定义,工作绩效报告会通过本过程传递给项目相关方可以表现为有助于引起关注、制定决策和采取行动的仪表指示图、热点报告、 信号灯图或其他形式。 相关方担心绩效,就把绩效报告给相关方看,用以引起 关注或制定决策。
61. 在某建设工程项目的地基开挖过程中,对于因气候原因造成的进度延后风险,项目经理采取了风险接受的策略。由于在施工期间下特大雨,工程不得不停工3天。项目经理应该怎么做? During the foundation excavation of a construction project, the project manager adopts risk acceptance strategy for the delay risk caused by climate reasons. Due to the extremely heavy rain during the construction period, the project has to be suspended for 3 days.
A使用应急储备 To use emergency reserves
B把项目工期延长3天 To extend the project duration by 3 days
C要求保险公司赔偿 To make a claim to the insurer
D与团队成员开会讨论处理方案 To meet and discuss with team members for handling solutions
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P443 章节:11.5.2.4 接受风险接受是指承认威胁的存在,但不主动采取措施。 接受策略又分为主动或被动方式。最常见的主动接受策略是 建立应急储备。被动接受策略则不会主动采取行动。 最常见的主动接受策略是建立应急储备。
72. 项目经理被批准执行一个价值1200万美元为期三年的项目,6个月后,25%项目已完成,项目团队开支为400万美元。 计算完进度绩效指数和成本绩效指数后,下一步应该做什么? The project manager is approved to execute a $12million, three-year project. After 25% of the project is completed. What is the next step after calculating the schedule performance index and cost performance index?
A要求更多资金 Ask for more money
B执行偏差分析 Perform variance analysis
C制定绩效预测 Develop performance forecast
D提交变更请求 Submit a change request
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P262 章节:7.4.2.2 偏差分析:成本和进度偏差是最需要分析的两种偏差。可开展偏差分析,通过比较计划成本和实际成本,来识别成本基准与实际项目绩效之间的差异;然后可以实施进一步的分析,以判定偏离进度基准的原因和程度,并决定是否需要采取纠正或预防措施 先进行偏差分析,再确认是否要采取纠正或预防措施。ACD都是纠正或预防措施。
73. 你的上一个敏捷项目遭受了各种各样的延迟,比如陈述和验证需求、编写和测试代码、要求客户澄清需求和接收澄清之间的时间间隔。在即将到来的敏捷项目中,你希望应用一些精益敏捷实践来确保减少或完全消除时间浪费。在计划即将到来的项目时,你最好的行动方案是什么? Your last agile project suffered from various delays, such as time passing between stating and verifying requirements, writing and testing code, and asking customers to clarify requirements and receiving clarifications. In your upcoming agile project, you want to apply some lean-agile practices to ensure that time waste reduced or entirely eliminated. What is your best course of action while planning your upcoming project?
A制定并严格执行详细的项目管理计划 Develop and rigorously follow a detailed project management plan
B使用根本原因分析技术查找过程中的瓶颈 Use the root cause analysis techniques to find bottlenecks in the process
C创建自主团队并为他们提供所需的资源 Create a self-directed team and provide them with the resources they need
D安排与客户的电话会议以明确要求 Schedule conference calls with the customer to clarify requirements
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P9 章节:2.2 自组织团队最符合敏捷的价值观和原则
77. 你正在预测管理项目的敏捷阶段的中途。公司CEO刚刚通知你们,由于疫情蔓延,所有非必要人员将被要求远程工作,包括你们的项目团队。然而,资源管理计划要求使用集中办公来增强沟通和协作。你的最佳行动方案是什么? You are midway into an agile phase of a predictively managed project. You have just been notified by the company's CEO that, due to a growing pandemic, all non-essential personnel will be required to work remotely, including your project team. However, the resource management plan mandates the use of physical colocation to enhance communication and collaboration. What is your best course of action?
A请求变更资源管理计划,以合并使用虚拟工具在远程环境中集中办公 Request a change to the resource management plan to incorporate the use of virtual tools to replicate colocation in a remote environment
B检查虚拟团队成员的需求,调查替代方案,并实现虚拟团队成员参与的选项 Examine virtual team member needs, investigate alternatives, and implement options for virtual team member engagement
C提交变更请求以更新项目管理计划,将项目管理方法从混合式转变成预测性 Submit a change request to update the project management plan to migrate the project management approach from hybrid to predictive
D将项目暂停直到疫情结束,然后让小组回到现场工作,以遵守资源管理计划 Put the project on hold until the pandemic is over and then bring the team back on-site to comply with the resource management plan
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P357 章节:9.6.3.2 如果控制资源过程出现变更请求,或者推荐的纠正措施 或预防措施影响了项目管理计划的任何组成部分或项目 文件,项目经理应提交变更请求。并通过实施整体变更 控制过程(见 4.6节)对变更请求进行审查和处理。 确定变更了,就提交变更,更改资源管理计划。
81. 已经决定使用敏捷框架来管理项目。项目正在实施中。在这种适应性环境中,项目经理应该关注什么? It has been decided that a project will be managed using an agile framework. The project is now in execution. In this adaptive environment, what should be the focus of the project manager?
A执行详细的产品计划和交付 Performing detailed product planning and delivery
B建立合作决策的环境 Building a collaborative decision-making environment
C要求项目团队对截止日期负责 Holding the project team accountable for deadlines
D计划在每次迭代中将完成什么 Planning what will be accomplished during each iteration
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P34 章节:4.2.1 仆人式领导的职责: 仆人式领导通过管理关系,在团队内和组织中建立沟通与协作。这些关系可以帮助领导在 组织中得心应手地为团队提供支持。这种支持有助于消除障碍,促进团队理顺过程。 仆人式领导创造协作的环境
83. 你正在为一个为当地电力公司安装智能无线电表的多阶段项目开发基准。第一阶段将准备基础设施,第二阶段将安装仪表,第三阶段将上传软件。然而,由于反无线技术组织的反对,尚不清楚该项目是否会在整个规划区域全部完工。在项目过早关闭的情况下,为了增加交付价值的机会,你的最佳行动方案是什么? You are developing baselines for a multi-phase project to install smart wireless meters for a local electric utility company. The first phase will prepare infrastructure, second will install the meters, and third will upload the software. However, due to the opposition of anti-wireless-technology groups, it's unclear if the project will be completed all across the planned region. What is your best course of action to increase the chances of delivering value in case the project closes prematurely?
A要求当地政府为项目团队成员提供必要的安全措施,以保护他们免受与反无线技术团体的潜在对抗 Request that the local government provide the necessary security measures for the project team members to protect them from the potential confrontation with the anti-wireless-technology groups
B获得发起人的批准,向那些同意额外工作以尽快完成工作的人提供奖金,即使这涉及到在夜晚和周末轮班工作 Get approval from the sponsor to offer bonuses to those who agree to work extra time to complete the work as fast as possible even if this involves working in shifts during nights and weekends
C建议将项目从多阶段切换到一阶段方法,并完成基础设施准备、仪表安装和软件上传,迭代一次一个邻域 Suggest switching the project from a multi-phase to one-phase approach and complete infrastructure preparation, meters' installation, and software upload in short iterations one neighborhood at a time
D建议项目终止,因为在方案中描述的情况下,无法按时、按时完成项目、范围和预算,并为客户提供任何价值 Recommend project termination since under the circumstances described in the scenario there is no way to complete the project on time, scope and budget, and deliver any value to the customer
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P9 章节:2.2 敏捷十二原则第1条 :我们的最高目标是,通过尽早持续交付有价值的软件来满足客户的需求。 价值交付是敏捷原则的第一条
88. 根据沟通管理计划,项目应该使用仪表板向相关方传达信息。一些团队成员在更新他们在仪表板上的项目数据时遇到了一些困难。对项目经理来说,最好的行动方案是什么? According to the communications management plan, the project should use a dashboard to communicate information to stakeholders. Some team members are struggling to keep their project data current. What is the best action for the project manager?
A鼓励团队成员尽可能输入任何信息 Encourage team members to enter any information whenever they can
B向那些在及时报告上有困难的团队成员提供帮助 Offer help to those team members who are struggling to report on time
C让团队专注于他们的工作并代表他们报告状态 Have the team focus on their work and report the status on their behalf
D减少或调整那些无法保持数据最新状态的格式 Reduce or adjust the format of those not able to keep their data current
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P342 章节:9.4.2.6 培训:如果项目团队成员缺乏必要的管理或技术技能,可以把对这种技能的培养作为项目工作的一部分。 A,没有意义 C,数据输入还是得 团队成员来 D,先教会成员, 若的确有问题再调整。
89. 在一个职能型组织中,一位关键的项目资源在咨询项目经理之前直接与客户进行沟通。这位资源之前经常发生这种问题,该资源已同意所有客户沟通必须先得到项目经理的批准。 项目经理应该怎么做? In a functional organization, a key project resource communicates directly with the customer without consulting the project manager. This is a common issue for this resource.The resource had agreed that all customer communications would first be approved by the project manager. What should the project manager do?
A与该资源的职能经理开会,讨论该资源的行为 Meet with the resource’s functional manager to discuss the resource's behavior
B召开团队会议以识别并纠正该资源的错误 Conduct a team meeting to identify and correct the resource’s mistake
C与项目发起人召开会议,以讨论该资源的行为 Hold a meeting with the project sponsor to discuss the resource’s behavior
D与客户开会以确认所有沟通都应该通过项目经理 Meet with the customer to confirm that all communications should go through the project manager
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P47 章节:2.4.4.2 职能型:联络员,无权限; 矩阵型:项目经理,一定权限 ;项目型:项目经理,所有权限 职能型组织中, 团队的行为只能找职能经理沟通。
94. 项目团队负责制造 10,000 个小零件。基于集中检查 500 个零件的批次质量是控制质量工具哪一种的实例? The project team is responsible for creating 10,000 small parts. Basing the quality of the batch on an intensive review of 500 parts is an example of what quality control tool?
A质量审计 Quality audit
B帕累托原则 Pareto principle
C统计抽样 Statistical sampling
D检查 Inspection
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P303 章节:8.3.2.1 统计抽样:统计抽样是指从目标总体中选 取部分样本用于检查(如从 75 张工程图纸中随机抽取10 张)。 样本用于测量控制和确认质量。抽样的频率和规模应在规划 质量管理过程中确定。 取部分样本进行检查。
97. 在编写第三份进度报告时,项目经理注意到团队成员未能记录他们的任务绩效,若要评估这些任务的进度并最终完成报告,项目经理应该做些什么? When writing the third progress report, the project manager noticed that team members failed to record their task performance, what should the project manager do to evaluate the progress of these tasks and finally complete the report?
A使用趋势分析来预测进度 Use trend analysis to predict progress
B让团队成员提交他们的进度 Have team members submit their progress
C更新问题日志以报告未提交的进度情况 Update the issue log to report uncommitted progress
D使用剩余活动计算平均进度 Calculate average progress using remaining activity
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P225 章节:6.6.1.3 工作绩效数据 :工作绩效数据包含关于项目状态的数据,例如哪些活动已经开始,它们的进展如何(如实际 持续时间、剩余持续时 间和实际完成百分比), 哪些活动已经完成。 工作绩效数据需要团队成员提交。
98. 敏捷项目的第一次迭代即将开始。发起人召集团队、Scrum主管、产品负责人和其他项目相关方参加启动会议。发起人强调需要在项目尽可能早的时候以最小的成本识别和应对项目风险。与会者实现发起人要求的最佳方式是什么? The first iteration of an agile project is about to begin. The sponsor gathers the team, the scrum master, the product owner, and other project stakeholders for the kick-off meeting. The sponsor emphasizes the need to identify and respond to the project risks as early in the project as possible and at the minimal cost. What is the best way for the meeting participants to implement the sponsor's request?
A团队和相关方应该经常审查产品增量 The team and stakeholders should frequently review product increments.
B项目相关方应该在每次冲刺中执行基于风险的刺探 The project stakeholders should conduct risk-based spikes in each sprint.
C产品负责人和发起人应该对高风险的用户故事进行优先级排序 The product owner and the sponsor should prioritize high-risk user stories.
D团队应该与Scrum主管一起实现结对编程 The team should implement pair programming with the scrum master.
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P56 章节:5.2.7 持续集成: 在不同层面测试、验收测试驱动开发 (ATDD) 、测试驱动开发和行为驱动开发、 刺探 。 B刺探应由团队做 C,PO与团队和相关 方共同确认优先级。 D,结对编程应由团 队来做。
99. 在准备项目的第四份状态报告时,项目经理了解到客户正在迁移到新系统。客户通知为了保持一致性,以及为了简化项目报告的审查,所有未来的报告均应使用新系统提交。由于原始系统被定义为在进度报告期间使用的软件,因此项目经理将该问题记录为经验教训。将该问题作为经验教训报告的价值是什么? While preparing a project's fourth status report,the project manager learns that the client is migrating to a system.The client advises that to maintain uniformity,and to ease the review of project report,all future reports should be submitted using the new system,since the origin system was defined as the software to be used during progress reporting,the project manager records this as a lesson learned. What is the value of reporting this as a lesson learned?
A它可以作为防止法律诉讼的依据 It could be used as a basis for preventing a lawsuit
B它可被识别为一个可能发生的问题 It can be identified as a possible issue
C它可以作为建议合同团队保持灵活性的依据 It can be used a basis for recommending contrast-team flexibility
D它将有助于防止未来合同中软件规范的遗漏 It will help prevent software specification omissions in future flexibility
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P104 章节:4.4.3.1 经验教训登记册:经验教训登记册可以记录遇到 的挑战、问题、意识到的风险和机会,或其他适用的内容。经验教训登记册在早期创建,在整个项目期间,它可以作为 很多过程的输入,也可以作为输出而不断更新。 经验教训改善未来绩效,因此参考经验教训,一般不会犯过去的错误
104. 在项目执行期间,一名外部相关方反对一项重大范围变更。除非重新评估相关方的决定,否则项目进展将受到影响。项目经理下一步该怎么做? During the project implementation, an external stakeholder is opposed to a major scope change.Unless the stakeholder's decision is reassessed, the project progress will be impacted.What should the project manager do next?
A审查相关方管理计划评估影响 To review the stakeholder's effort for the plan to assess the impact
B请求项目发起人解决相关方的问题 To request the project sponsor to solve the problem encountered by the stakeholder
C修订预算,反映可选方案的成本 To revise the budget to reflect the cost of the alternative
D调查相关方反对背后的理由 To investigate the reason behind the opposition
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P522 章节:13.2.3.1 相关方参与计划 :是项目管理计划的组成部分。 它确定用于促进相关方有效参与决策和执行的策略和行动。 相关方参与计划可包括(但不限于)调动个人或相关方参与 的特定策略或方法。 遇抵制,找相关方参与计划。
106. 一家公司总是在项目管理上使用预测法,但是现在项目管理办公室想要结合一些敏捷的最佳实践来产生更早的收益实现。项目经理即将开始为新项目做计划,她担心项目团队不具备在混合环境中工作的能力。项目经理的最佳行动方案是什么? A company has always utilized a predictive approach to project management, but now the project management office wants to incorporate some agile best practices to generate earlier revenue realization. The project manager is about to begin planning for the new project and is concerned that the project team is not equipped to work in a hybrid environment. What is the project manager's best course of action?
A授权团队自我组织和学习敏捷最佳实践 Empower the team to self-organize and study agile best practices
B向项目管理办公室(PMO)申请培训 Request the training from the project management office (PMO
C将团队敏捷技能不足的风险添加到风险登记册 Add the risk of the team's inadequate agile skills to the risk register
D审查敏捷最佳实践的经验教训知识库 Check the lessons learned repository for agile best practices
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P82 章节:6.6.3 敏捷PMO的服务:通过培训和指导发展人才 过渡期间应该安排专业的敏捷培训。
113. 项目经理发现项目可交付成果与发起人期望之间存在若干不一致之处,为确保一致,项目经理应该制定下列哪一项? A project manager finds several inconsistencies between project deliverables and sponsor expectations.To ensure alignment,what should the project manager develop?
A风险登记册 Risk register
B相关方参与计划 Stakeholder management plan
C沟通管理计划 Communications management plan
D工作分解结构(WBS) Work breakdown structure(WBS)
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P522 章节:13.2.3.1 相关方参与计划:相关方参与计划是项目 管理计划的组成部分。 它确定用于促进相关方有效参与决策和执行的 策略和行动。 期望不一致,就要持续管理好相关方的期望。
120. 在迭代计划过程中,敏捷教练希望确保她的开发团队有一种简单的方法来组织他们的工作,以及在迭代中剩余工作的可视化表示。敏捷教练最好使用以下哪一种工具来实现她的目标? During iteration planning, an agile coach wants to ensure that her development team has an easy way of organizing their work as well as a visual representation at a glance of the work remaining to be completed in an iteration. Which of the following tools is best for the agile coach to use to accomplish his goals?
A燃尽图 A burndown chart
B任务板 A task board
C燃起图 A burnup chart
D一览表 A glance chart
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P105 章节:A3.4 看板面板(如图 A3-2 所示)是一种技术含量低但接触广泛的技术,使用者在一开始时可能会认为其过于简单,但很快便会发现其强大的功能。看板面板利用列进入和退出 策略以及限制在制品等制约因素,可提供一目了然的工作流、瓶颈、 阻碍和整体状态信息。此外,面板可作为面向所有观众的信息发射源,提供团队工作状态的最新信息。 只有看板面板能够 同时规划工作和了解进度。燃尽图和燃起图仅能了解进度。
123. 一个开发新药的安全性和有效性可视化的项目正在进行中。Scrum被选为开发方法。在第三次冲刺的中途,项目团队成员发现所提供的数据缺少一个强制性参数。在项目计划期间,获得不完整数据的风险被提前识别并记录在风险登记册中。什么时候是使这个问题浮出水面的最合适的方法? A project to develop visualizations of the safety and efficacy of a new drug is underway. Scrum has been selected as the development approach. Midway into the third sprint, a project team member finds that the data provided is missing a mandatory parameter. The risk of getting incomplete data was identified and recorded in the risk register earlier, during project planning. When would be the most appropriate approach to surface this problem?
A问题应作为主题包含来在下次冲刺回顾上进行讨论 The problem should be included as a topic for discussion at the next sprint retrospective.
B团队成员应在每日Scrum会议上将问题作为障碍提出来 The team member should raise the issue as an impediment during the daily scrum meeting.
C在冲刺审查中应演示具有缺失参数的产品增量 The product increment with the missing parameter should be demonstrated at the sprint review.
D已实现的风险应触发并由规划风险应对过程解决 The realized risk should trigger and be addressed by the Plan Risk Responses process.
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P53 章节:5.2.4 每日站会: 上次站会以来我都完成 了什么? 从现在到下一次站会, 我计划完成什么? 我的障碍(或风险或 问题)是什么? 每日站会会提出问题或风险或障碍
125. 你负责的一个大型项目是在你的城市安装5G互联网中心。尽管大多数项目变量都是清晰的,并且可以使用瀑布方法进行管理,但是技术方面并没有完全定义,并且将随着项目的进展进行详细阐述。发起人要求更频繁和更快地交流项目信息。为了满足发起人的要求,你不会使用以下哪个方法? You are in charge of a large project to install 5G internet hubs across your city. Although most of the project variables are clear and can be managed using the waterfall approach, technical aspects are not fully defined and will be elaborated as the project progresses. The sponsor requests that project information will be communicated more frequently and quickly. To address the sponsor's request, you will use all of the following, except:
A保持频繁的团队检查点 Holding frequent team checkpoints
B进行有规律的相关方审查 Conducting regular stakeholder reviews
C实现信息发射源 Implementing information radiators
D每周传达项目状态 Communicating project status weekly
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P152 章节:术语表 信息发射源: 它是一种可见的实物展示其向组织内其他成员提供信息在不干扰团队的情况下即时实现知识共享。 信息发射源一般包括看板、燃尽图、燃起图、障碍日志等 四个选项中,只有D不够敏捷。
128. 项目经理希望在新项目中使用一名特定供应商。该供应商目前正在为项目经理管理的另一个项目工作。项目经理希望在开始为新项目工作之前,先完成当前项目。在供应商开始为新项目工作之前,项目经理应该做什么? The project manager wants to use a specific vendor in the new project. The vendor is currently working on another project managed by the project manager. The project manager wants to complete the current project before starting work on the new project. What should the project manager do before the vendor starts working on the new project?
A与供应商一起评审合同协议。 Review contract agreements with suppliers
B更新采购文档。 Update purchase document
C执行采购审计。 Perform procurement audits
D要求供应商完成所有现有工作。 Require suppliers to complete all existing work
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P498 章节:12.3.2.5 采购审计: 审计是对采购过程的结构化审查。应该在采购合同中明确规定与审计有关的权利和义务。 买方的项目经理和卖方的项目经理都应该关注审计结果, 以便对项目进行必要调整。 注意题干中提到的问题的逻辑关系
129. 项目集经理要求定期更新计划下项目的进展情况。除了一个项目外,所有项目都使用传统方法进行管理。项目集经理指出在整个规划中有太多的范围变更,并希望看到这些变更是如何影响各种项目的总体进度的。对于领导敏捷项目的Scrum主管来说,要满足项目经理的要求,最好的行动方案是什么? A program manager requests regular updates on the progress of the projects under the program. All but one project in the program are managed using traditional methods. The program manager indicates that there are too many scope changes across the program and wants to see how these changes affect the overall progress of the various projects. What is the best course of action for the scrum master leading the agile project to address the program manager's request?
A邀请项目集经理参加迭代审查会议 Invite the program manager to attend the iteration review meeting
B建议项目集经理参加每日站会 Suggest that the program manager participate in the daily standups
C让项目集经理审查迭代燃尽图 Have the program manager view the iteration burndown chart
D定期将发布燃起图发送给项目集经理 Periodically send the release burnup chart to the program manager
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P152 章节:术语表 信息发射源: 它是一种可见的实物展示其向组织内其他成员提供信息在不干扰团队的情况下即时实现知识共享。 信息发射源一般包括看板、燃尽图、燃起图、障碍日志等 信息发射源可以实现信息共享。 C:不应该是审查,而是定期发送。
131. 在新目标国家推出产品前不久,公司意识到该产品并不完全符合当地的数据隐私法。由于预算限制,公司管理层要求项目团队将可能的罚款成本与返工成本进行比较。返工的一部分包括向产品待办事项列表中添加新需求。在这种情况下,下面哪个选项最有可能帮助到你? Shortly before rolling out a product in a newly targeted country, a company realizes that the product does not fully comply with local data privacy laws. Due to budget constraints, the company management asks the project team to compare costs for possible fines with costs for rework. Part of the rework would involve adding new requirements to the product backlog. In this situation, which of the following is most likely to help?
A重构 Refactoring
B用户画像 Personas
C阶段关口 A phase gate
D快速跟进 Fast tracking
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P18 章节:1.2.4 阶段关口: 为做出进入下个阶段、进行整改或结束项目集或项目的决定,做的阶段末审查。 审查一个阶段末的问题,做成本效益分析,以决定下个 阶段的项目。
132. 项目经理在制定项目进度计划时,希望按照符合逻辑的方式排列任务顺序,并使用至少有高级的承包商。项目经理应该查阅哪份文件? The project manager wants to arrange the task order in a logical way and use at least a noble contractor while developing the project schedule. Which document should the project manager check?
A里程碑清单 List of milestones
B项目范围说明书 Project scope statement
C活动清单 Activity list
D活动属性 Activity attributes
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P186 章节:6.2.3.2 活动属性:活动属性可能包括活动描述、紧前活动、紧后活动、逻辑关系、提前量和滞后量(见 6.3.2.3 节)、 资源需求、 强制日期、制约因素和假设条件 活动属性的概念
135. 几个星期以来,项目经理一直报告项目在正常进行中,现在却突然报告项目滞后于进度计划,项目经理意识到某个项目风险管理不当,且其负责人在不同时区远程工作。项目经理应当更加注意下列哪一项? For several weeks, the project manager has been reporting that the project is progressing normally, but now suddenly reports that the project lags behind the schedule, the project manager realizes that the risk management of a certain project is improper, and its leader works remotely in different time zones.Project managers should pay more attention to which of the following?
A资源过度承诺和沟通不畅 Over commitment of resources and poor communication
B包容性和资源隔离不足 Inclusiveness and insufficient resource isolation
C语言障碍和缺乏问责制 Language barriers and lack of accountability
D项目发起人的指导不足 Insufficient guidance from project sponsors
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P377 章节:10.1.3.1 沟通管理计划: 沟通管理计划是项目管理计划的组成部分,描述将如何规划,结构化、执行与监督项目沟通, 以提高沟通的有效性。该计划包括如下信息: • 相关方的沟通需求 遇到远程团队、虚拟团队之类的题目,优先想到沟通
136. 一位敏捷教练被要求为即将到来的敏捷项目团队建立团队。管理层希望利用公司现有的人才,而不要使用外部资源。敏捷教练联系人力资源部门,在公司内部网站上为未来的团队成员发布招聘广告。敏捷教练在广告中提出的以下哪项工作要求是最好的? An agile coach has been requested to put together a team for the upcoming agile project. The management wants to use the talent available in the company without the need to go outside. The agile coach approaches the human resource department to advertise the position for the prospective team members on the company internal website. Which of the following job requirements is best for the agile coach to indicate in the ad?
A熟悉动态系统软件开发方法(DSDM) Experienced with the dynamic systems software development methods (DSDM)
B熟练掌握自动化测试过程和程序 Self-starter and proficient in the automated testing processes and procedures
C对不同技能是否有专注的专长和丰富的经验 Has a focused specialty as well as a breadth of experience across multiple skills
D具有团队合作精神,熟悉所有敏捷软件开发工具 Team player and briefly familiar with all agile software development tools
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P42 章节:4.3.3 通才型专家: 敏捷团队是跨职能的。不过,许多成功的敏捷团队都由通才型专家组成,他们也称为 T 型人才。 这意味着这些团队成员在具备一项擅长的专业化技能的同时,还拥有多种技能的工作经验,而不是单一的专业化 T型、通才型、跨职能型人才是敏捷团队成员的重要特点。
139. 一家公司开始了它的第一个混合型项目。项目进度计划是根据基准来衡量的,并且产品是使用Scrum开发的。公司已经为团队进行了敏捷培训。项目的完成日期到了,团队提交他们到目前为止能够完成的内容。客户检查产品并指出一个重要的功能没有交付。造成这种情况最可能的原因是什么? A company undertakes its first hybrid project. The project schedule is measured against the baseline, and the product is developed using Scrum. Agile training is provided to the team. The project completion date is due, and the team submits what they were able to complete so far. The customer inspects the product and indicates that an important feature was not delivered. What was the most likely reason that caused this situation?
A项目团队拒绝在晚上和周末工作以完成整个产品待办事项列表 The project team refused to work evenings and weekends to complete the entire product backlog.
B产品负责人未包括在敏捷培训中,甚至没有分配到项目中 A product owner was not included in agile training or was not even assigned to the project.
C项目团队没有与客户协商如何确定产品待办事项列表的优先级 The project team did not consult with the customer on how to prioritize the product backlog.
D进度基准太短,无法开发产品待办事项列表中的所有项目 The schedule baseline was too short for all the items in the product backlog to be developed.
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:41 章节:4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner :创建待办列表并排序、 确认工作优先顺序、 提供反馈 、指导开发方向 PO对接客户, 以确定是否变更以及何时变更。
140. 项目经理被分配到一个项目,该项目将把一个大型组织从预测环境转变为敏捷方法。在当前状态下,组织中的工作被分解成部门孤岛,而员工好被描述为专门的贡献者。这种敏捷转换的最佳策略是什么? A project manager has been assigned to a project that will transform a large organization from a predictive environment to agile methodologies. In its current state, the work in the organization is decomposed into departmental silos, and the employees are best described as specialized contributors. What is the best strategy for this agile transformation?
A使用混合生命周期作为预测到敏捷的过渡策略 Use hybrid life cycles as a transition strategy from predictive to agile
B为所有从预测性到敏捷的项目建立一个固定的日期 Establish a fixed date for all projects to transition from predictive to agile
C介绍一些针对大型复杂项目的敏捷技术 Introduce some agile techniques on a large and complex project
D调整项目,使其范围是固定的,时间和成本是可变的 Tailor projects so that the scope is fixed with time and cost being variable
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P47 章节:4.3.7 克服组织孤岛:孤岛组织往往给跨职能敏捷团 队的组建带来重重障碍。需要构建跨职能团队的团队成员通常需要向不同的管理人员报告,管理人员会采用不同的标准衡 量他们的绩效。管理人员需要关注的不是资源利用效率, 而是过程效率(和基于团队的指标)。 孤岛式组织不利于敏捷,因此建议先以混合型开发方法过渡, 后面再到完全敏捷。
143. 在执行一个高技术项目期间,高层管理人员在不通知项目经理的情况下重新分配核心团队。整合新团队成员将增加项目进度延迟的可能性。若要确定适当的响应措施,项目经理应参考哪份文件? During the execution of a high-tech project, senior management redistributes the core team without notifying the project manager. The integration of new team members will increase the possibility of project delays.To determine the appropriate response, which document should the project manager refer to?
A经验教训储存库 Lessons learned repository
B工作分解结构(WBS)字典 Work breakdown structure (WBS) dictionary
C团队技能矩阵 Team skills matrix
D风险登记册 Risk Register
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P455 章节:11.7.1.2 风险登记册的主要内容包括: 已识别单个项目风险 • 风险责任人 • 商定的风险应对策略 • 以及具体的应对措施。 遇风险,先查册
149. 一个项目已获得批准,且资源管理计划已到位。项目经理联系职能经理,并要求他们所在地区的主题专家(SME)分配给项目团队。然而,由于年终收尾活动,首席财务官拒绝从其他部门分配主题专家。项目经理应该做什么? A project has been approved and a resource management plan is in place. The project manager contacts the functional managers and asks the subject matter experts (SME) in their area to be assigned to the project team. However, due to year-end closing activities, the CFO refused to assign subject matter experts from other departments.What should the project manager do?
A请求发起人使用他们的影响力来释放该资源 Ask the initiator to use their influence to release the resource
B为该项目雇用一个新的永久性资源 Hire a new permanent resource for the project
C推迟该项目直到该资源可用为止 Postpone the project until the resource is available
D获得一个临时、技能熟练的外部资源 Obtain a temporary, skilled external resource
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P330 章节:9.3 获取资源的重要性:不能获得项目所需的资源时,可能会影响项目进度、预算、客户满意度、质量和风险;资源 或人员能力不足会降低 项目成功的概率,最坏的情况可能导致项目取消。 不能获取资源,项目可能失败。职能经理不给人,可以 考虑找领导。
150. 每次你与你的项目发起人会面,她都要强调对于你的新的电子商务项目的成本控制的必要性。她经常询问你成本业绩方面的问题,诸如哪一个预算达到了哪一个没有达到。为了回答她的问题,你应该提供什么? Each time you meet with your project sponsor, she emphasizes the need for cost control on your new-business project. She always asks you about cost performance in terms of which budgets have been met and which have been met and which have not. What should you provide to answer her question?
A绩效测量基准 Cost Performance baseline
B业绩衡量图表 Performance measurement graphs and charts
C资源生产力分析 Resource productivity analyses
D趋势分析统计 Trend analysis statistics
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正确答案: A
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P224 章节:6.6.1.1 绩效测量基准: 使用挣值分析时,将绩效测量基准与实际结果比较,以决定是否有必要进行变更、采取纠正措施或预防措施。 向发起人提供绩效测量基准,将绩效比较结果告之。
153. 一个敏捷团队举行了一次发布回顾。讨论的重点是在软件发布之前的几周内发生的一些破坏性风险事件。这些风险很难解决,并威胁到发行日期。风险在发布计划的早期就已经确定了,但是与对客户来说价值相对较低的用户故事相关联。为了避免这些风险在离预定发布日期这么近的时候发生,我们应该做什么呢? An agile team holds a release retrospective. The discussion is focused on some disruptive risk events that occurred in the last few weeks, just before the software has been released. The risks were difficult to resolve and threatened the release date. The risks were identified early in release planning but were associated with user stories that were relatively low in value to the customer. What could have been done to avoid having these risks occur so close to the scheduled release date?
A应该批准加班,并在发布前几周增加资源,以减轻高风险用户故事的影响 Overtime should have been authorized, and resources added in the weeks leading up to the release to mitigate the impact of the high-risk user stories.
B产品负责人应该更勤奋地在待办事项列表中编写用户故事,以便将风险降到最低或完全消除 The product owner should have been more diligent in writing the user stories in the release backlog so that the risk is minimized or removed completely
C真的没有什么可以避免所描述的问题,因为风险事件总是发生在预定的发布日期之前 There is really nothing that could have been done to avoid the issue described because risk events always occur just before the scheduled release date.
D产品负责人可以在产品待办事项列表中提前而不是推迟完成高风险用户故事 The product owner could have scheduled the completion of high-risk user stories in the product backlog sooner rather than later in the release cycle.
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P42 章节:4.3.3 风险价值矩阵:产品负责人的工作是确保团队从事最高价值的工作。 首先要做高风险高价值的事情。
154. 项目经理正在制定一个项目计划。项目赞助人得知后,立即让项目经理针对项目成本开展初始粗略评估,以满足未来财政预算的需求。 项目经理采用下列哪一项评估项目成本? The project manager is developing a project plan, on short notice project sponsor asks the project manager to create an initial rough estimate of project cost to satisfy requirements for the upcoming fiscal budget. The project manager uses which of the following for estimating the project cost?
A自下而上估算 Bottom-up estimating
B三点结算 Three-point estimating
C类比估算 Analogous estimating
D建立参数模型 Parametric modeling
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P244 章节:7.2.2.2 成本类比估算使用以往类似项目的参数值或属性来估算。 项目的参数值和属性包括 (但不限于)范围、成本、 预算、持续时间和规模指标, 类比估算以这些项目参数值 或属性为基础来估算当前项目的同类参数或指标。一般题目中出现粗 略、需要快速估算、量级字眼,都是选 择类比估算
156. 一位新的项目经理最近在他们当前的组织中结束了一个项目。新项目经理使用了他们之前公司的最终项目报告格式,一位相关方评论说,虽然缺少了几条关键信息,但他们更喜欢这种格式。项目经理下一步应该做什么? A new project manager recently ended a project in their current organization. The new project manager used the format of the final project report of their previous company, and a related party commented that although a few key pieces of information were missing, But they prefer this format.What should the project manager do next?
A向其他项目经理提供报告的副本,并鼓励他们使用该报告 Provide copies of the report to other project managers and encourage them to use the report
B使用批准的格式重新编写报告,然后与他们的经理讨论如何改进报告 Rewrite the report using an approved format and then discuss with their manager how to improve the report
C考虑项目收尾完成的报告,并将该报告的副本存档 Consider a report on the completion of the project and archive a copy of the report
D与项目团队开会,以审查项目报告格式并获得反馈意见 Meeting with the project team to review the project report format and get feedback
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P124 章节:4.7.1.2 项目管理计划的所有组成部分均为本过程的输入报告格式需要与计划保持一致。若有变更,需要走变更流程。
157. 在敏捷迭代中,由于意外的挑战,任务1无法按时完成。项目中的另一个团队依赖于任务1的及时完成以完成他们的项目部分。项目经理应该如何解决这个问题? During an agile iteration, Task 1 cannot be completed on time due to unexpected challenges. Another team within the project is depending on timely completion of Task 1 in order to fulfill their part of the project. How should the Project Manager resolve this issue?
A分别与两个团队会面,让他们想出一个方法来满足要求的最后期限并按时完成项目 Meet with both teams separately and ask them to figure out a way to meet the required deadlines and complete the project on time
B与产品负责人会面,重新确定迭代待办事项列表的优先级,以免影响其他团队或义务 Meet with the product owner to reprioritize the iteration backlog so that it does not impact other teams or obligations
C增加项目团队的成员数量,并增加迭代长度,以确保工作将按照进度计划完成 Increase the number of team members for the project team and increase the iteration length ensuring that the work will be completed according to schedule
D让团队成员知道你希望他们在困难条件下尽最大努力,并确保在经验教训中注意迭代的挑战 Let team members know you want them to do their best under difficult circumstances, and make sure to note the iteration's challenges in lessons learned
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:41 章节:4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner: 创建待办列表并排序、 确认工作优先顺序、 提供反馈 、指导开发方向 本次迭代已经结束,下次迭代是解决问题还是做新任务, 需要PO给出优先级。
164. 项目办公室刚刚发布给你一份项目状况检查报告。当你看到在执行总结中标题为“建议”的章节时,你的心情激动起来:你又一次被批评没有为项目提供足够的支持细节。尽管报告没有举例,但是你记得在PMBOK中看到过支持细节,它包括如下全部,除了 The project office just issued you a project health check report. Your heart races with anticipation as you scan the euphemistically entitled “recommendations” in the executive summary. Once again, you have been criticized for failing to provide sufficient supporting detail about the project. Although the report does not provide examples, you remember reading about supporting detail in the PMBOK It includes all the following except.
A命令和交付进度 Order and delivery schedules
B现金流推算 Cash-flow projections
C最好和最坏情况下的备用进度表 Best-and worst-case alternative schedules
D相关方职位报告 Stakeholder position papers
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P112 章节:4.5.3.1 工作绩效报告: 工作绩效报告的示例包括状态报告和进展报告。工作绩效报告可以包含挣值图表和信息、趋势线和预测、储备燃尽图、缺陷直方图、合同绩效信息和风险情况概述。可以表现为有助于引起关注、制定决策和采 取行动的仪表指示图、热点报告、信号灯图或其他形式。 工作绩效报告中不包含相关方的职位信息。
165. 当项目发起人找到Scrum主管,要求在当前的冲刺中立即开发一个新的、紧急的、潜在的复杂的强制性法规遵循相关的需求时,Scrum团队正处于冲刺的中途。发起人强调,如果需求没有实现,整个项目可能会被取消。Scrum主管的最佳回应是什么? A scrum team is midway into a sprint when the project sponsor approaches the scrum master and requests that a new, urgent, and potentially complex mandatory compliance-related requirement should be developed immediately in the current sprint. The sponsor stresses that if the requirement is not implemented, the entire project may be canceled. What is the scrum master’s best response?
A将要求添加到产品待办事项列表,并请求产品负责人在冲刺结束之后审查需求 Add the requirement to the product backlog and request the product owner to review the requirement after the sprint is over
B与产品负责人讨论要求,让他们做出决定,包括冲刺取消 Discuss the requirement with the product owner, and let them make a decision, including sprint cancellation
C提交变更请求以更新范围基准并将要求添加到需求可追溯性矩阵 Submit a change request to update the scope baseline and add the requirement to the requirement traceability matrix
D将要求添加到当前冲刺待办事项列表,并指示团队立即开始处理该待办事项列表 Add the requirement to the current sprint backlog and direct the team to start working on it immediately
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正确答案: B
解释说明: 知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:41 章节:4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner: 创建待办列表并排序、 确认工作优先顺序、 提供反馈、 指导开发方向。 是否变更,由PO决定。
167. 一个使用多个供应商的项目估计将在两年内完成。在第一年结束时,发现存在重大预算超支。项目经理意识到必须将项目重新拉回控制,因此签发一项变更请求。若要支持这项变更请求,项目经理应该做什么? A project that uses several vendors is estimated to complete in two years.At the end of the first year,a significant budget overrun is identified that project must be brought back under control,the project manager issues change request.What should the project manager do to support the change request?
A更新变更控制过程 Update the change control progresses
B完成质量审计 Complete a quality audit
C召开风险研讨会 Conduct a risk workshop
D执行根本原因分析 Perform a root cause analysis
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P111 章节:4.5.2.2 根本原因分析关注识别问题的主要原因,它可用于识别出现偏差的原因以及项目经 理为达成项目目标应重点关注的领域。 注意监控过程组六个数据分析的工具,根本原因分析为其之一。
168. 项目经理正在整理用于验收产品可交付成果的文件。验收可交付成果时,项目经理应该做什么? A project manager is assembling the documents for the acceptance of product deliverables. Upon acceptance of the deliverables, what should the project manager do?
A收尾项目可交付结果 Close the project deliverables
B将可交付成果文件存档 Archive the deliverable documents
C转移可交付成果的所有权 Transfer ownership of the deliverables
D获得客户对可交付成果的反馈 Obtain customer feedback on the deliverables
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正确答案: D
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P166 章节:5.5.3.1 验收的可交付成果: 符合验收标准的可交付成果应该由客户或发起人正式签字批准。应该从客户或发起人那里 获得正式文件,证明相关方对项目可交付成果的正式验收。 这些文件将提交给结束项目或阶段过程 对可交付成果满意的话,要正式签字批准。其他选项都 是收尾时候做的。
169. 一个产品开发项目正在进行中。该项目在软件开发中使用敏捷的生命周期,并在一个包罗万象的项目管理计划中运行。尽管经过周密的计划,但在发布了两个软件版本之后,用户指南并没有更新以反映最新的版本,这给最终用户造成了很大的混乱。项目经理应该做什么来确保此问题不再发生? A product development project is underway. The project uses an agile life cycle in software development and runs in an all-encompassing project management plan. Despite careful planning, after the release of two software versions, the user guide was not updated to reflect the latest version, which caused a lot of confusion to end users. What should the project manager do to ensure that this problem does not occur again?
A提交变更请求以修改用户指南,使指南与当前软件版本保持一致 Submit a change request to modify the user's guide in a way that the guide will be consistent with the current software release
B还原到软件的用户指南与发布给用户的软件一致的最后一个版本 Revert back to the last version of the software where the user's guide was consistent with the software released to the users
C要求CCB执行配置审查,以确保项目配置项的组成正确 Ask the CCB to perform a configuration audit to ensure that the composition of the project's configuration items is correct
D提交变更请求以修订变更管理计划,以确保将用户指南标识为配置要素 Submit a change request to revise the change management plan to ensure that the user's guide is identified as a configuration element
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正确答案: C
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P118 章节:4.6.2.2 变更控制工具:为了便于开展配置和变更管理,可以使用一些手动或自动化的工具。配置控制重点关注可交付成果及各个过程的技术规范,而变更控制则着眼于识别、记录、批准或否决对项目文件、可交付成果或基准的变更。 配置管理的一个重要功能就是管理产品版本
多选题
1. 你正在领导并执行项目管理计划中所概述的工作。作为这个过程的一部分,你已经通过服务型领导成功地鼓舞和激励了scrum团队,以快速的速度生成项目可交付成果。因此,项目趋向于满足并超过绩效测量基准。 作为这个过程的一部分,你可能需要执行哪些活动?(选择两个) You are in the process of leading and performing the work as outlined in the project management plan. As part of this process, you have successfully inspired and motivated your scrum team through servant leadership to produce project deliverables at a rapid pace. As a result, the project is trending to meet and exceed the performance measurement baseline. What activities might you need to perform as part of this process? (Choose two)
A为项目章程寻求批准 Seek approval for the project charter
B实施已批准的变更请求 Implement approved change requests
C确定项目相关方的全面列表 Identify a comprehensive list of project stakeholders
D协助日常的站立会议 Facilitate the daily standup meetings
E制定风险应对策略以应对已识别的风险 Develop risk response strategies to address identified risks
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正确答案: BD
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P90 章节:4.3 指导与管理项目工作是为实现项目目标而领导和执行项目管理计划中所确定的工作,并实施已批准变更的过程 从题干描述来看,属于执行过程组,因此选B和D
5. 项目经理刚刚从组织辞职的另一位项目经理那里接管一个正在进行的项目。在审查项目管理计划时,项目经理意识到成本偏差和进度偏差主要是负面的。项目尚未解决,还未向供应商支付已完成的工作,并且减轻次生风险正迅速耗尽预算。本应该采取哪种三项措施来避免这种情况?(选择三项) A project manager has just taken over an ongoing project from another project manager who resigned from the organization. During a review of the project management plan, the project manager realizes that the cost variance and schedule variance are primarily negative. Several issues reported on the project have not been resolved. Vendors have not been paid for work done, and mitigation of secondary risks is quickly depleting the budget. Which three actions should have been taken to avoid this situation? (Choose three)
A在项目章程中实施明确的假设 Implemented explicit assumptions in the project charter
B在项目章程中增加应急预算 Added a contingency budget to the project charter
C确定项目交接程序 Identified project handoff procedures
D确保项目治理控制措施得到批准和实施 Ensured the project governance controls were approved and implemented
E在项目规划阶段确定高风险和对策 Identified high-level risks and responses in the project planning phase
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正确答案: ADE
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P395 章节:11 项目风险管理的目标在于提高正面风险的概率和(或)影响,降低负面风险的概率和(或)影响,从而提高项目成功的可能性。 进度和成本同时有问题都是风险没有管理好。B章程里没风险C交接不管用
6. 项目经理正在制定进度管理计划。由于客户表示需要尽早频繁地交付商业价值,因此项目经理选择将迭代计划与待办事项列表合并。该项目的进度管理计划中需要解决以下哪项?(选择三项) The project manager is in the process of developing the schedule management plan. Since the customer has expressed the need for early and frequent delivery of business value the project manager elects to incorporate iterative scheduling with a backlog. Which of the following will need to be addressed in the schedule management plan for this project?(Choose three)
A在资源可用时使用看板面板来从待办事项列表拉动工作 Using a Kanban board to pull work from the backlog when resources become available
B使用基于适应型生命周期的滚动式规划 Accounting for rolling wave planning based on an adaptive life cycle
C以用户故事的形式记录需求 Documenting the requirements in the form of user stories
D在初始项目计划期间将工作包分解为活动清单 Decomposing work packages into an activity list during initial project planning
E在项目待办事项中确定并优化用户故事的优先级 Prioritizing and refining the user stories in the project backlog
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正确答案: BCE
解释说明: 知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P177 章节:6 项目进度管理的发展趋势和新兴实践:具有未完项的迭代型进度计划。这是一种基于适应型生命周期的滚动式规划(B),例如敏捷的产品开发方法。这种方法将需求记录在用户故事中(C),然后在建造之前按先级排序(E)并优化用户故事,最后在规定的时间盒内开发产品功能。 具有未完成项的迭代型进度计划,而非按需进度计划,因此不选A。
7. 随着项目的进展和可交付成果的产生,项目经理重新审查相关方参与计划,以确定可以对计划进行哪些改进,以提高相关方的参与。在这些项目文件中,哪些文件对正在执行的项目管理过程影响最大?(选择三个) As the project progresses and deliverables are being produced, the project manager revisits the stakeholder engagement plan to determine what refinements can be made to the plan to improve stakeholder engagement.Among the project documents, which will be the most influential to the project management process being performed? (Choose three)
A相关方登记册 Stakeholder register
B风险登记 Risk register
C资源管理计划 Resource management plan
D相关方参与评估矩阵 Stakeholder engagement assessment matrix
E问题日志 Issue log
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正确答案: ABE
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P519 章节:13.2.1.3 项目文件 :问题日志(E) 风险登记册(B) 相关方登记册(A) ITTO题
8. 一位项目经理正在为一家初创公司领导一个敏捷项目。虽然这是该组织的第一个此类项目,但可能会有更多类似的项目紧随其后。因此,项目经理希望确保在这个项目中获得的知识能够用于未来的项目。 下列哪一种做法将最好地支持知识转移,以造福未来的项目?(选择三个) A project manager is leading an agile project for a startup company. Although this is the first such project for the organization, there will likely be many more similar projects to follow. Therefore, the project manager wants to ensure that the knowledge gained during this project is used for the benefit of future projects. Which of the following practices will best support the transfer of knowledge to benefit future projects? (Choose three)
A记录在整个项目中学习到的经验教训中获得的知识。 Document knowledge gained in the lessons learned register throughout the project
B确保经验教训登记册最后定稿并转移到经验教训存储库。 Ensure that the lessons learned register is finalized and transferred to the lessons learned repository
C与项目团队和相关相关方定期召开回顾会议。 Conduct regular retrospective meetings with the project team and relevant stakeholders
D定期审查作为项目管理计划组成部分的知识管理计划。 Regularly review the knowledge management plan as an element of the project management plan
E确保在配置管理计划中将所学到的经验记录作为配置元素列出。 Ensure that the lessons learned register is listed as a configuration element in the configuration management plan
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正确答案: ABC
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P104 章节:4.4.3.1 经验教训登记册:在项目早期创建。在整个项目期间,它 可以作为很多过程的输入,也可以作为输出而不断更新。 在项目或阶段结束时,把相关信息归入经验教训知识库,成为组织过程资产的一部分。 D不存在知识管理计划。 E配置管理计划不存档项目知识。
9. 一个大型建设项目正处于实施阶段。根据项目进度表,今天项目经理有三个项目新相关方的单独指导会议。 当指导这些相关方时,项目经理可能执行下列哪一个项目管理过程?(选择两个) A large construction project is in the execution stage. According to the project schedule, today the project manager has individual mentoring sessions with three stakeholders that are new to the project. When mentoring these stakeholders, which of the following project management processes might the project manager be performing? (Choose two)
A制定项目章程 Develop Project Charter
B制定沟通管理计划 Plan Communications Management
C识别相关方 Identify Stakeholders
D管理沟通 Manage Communications
E建设团队 Develop Team
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正确答案: DE
解释说明: 知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P379 章节:10.2 管理沟通:管理沟通是确保项目 信息及时且恰当地收集、 生成、发布、存储、 检索、管理、监督和最终处置的过程。 项目经理按计划做事,说明是在执行阶段,只有DE是执行