本人刚学OpenGL不久且自学，文中定有代码、术语等错误，欢迎指正

我写的项目地址：https://github.com/liujianjie/LearnOpenGLProject

文章目录

• 前言
• 例子
• • 代码
  • 没有聚光灯效果
  • 有聚光灯效果

前言

• 此节目的

  综合2.5投光物，在此节实现一个场景使用多个光源，物体根据不同光源而叠加颜色。

  • 熟悉多光源如何计算物体颜色
  • 熟悉用glsl函数

例子

代码

• glsl

  #version 330 core
  out vec4 FragColor;
  struct Material {sampler2D diffuse;  // 漫反射颜色分量从纹理采样sampler2D specular;//  镜面光照颜色分量从纹理采样float shininess;
  }; 
  // 平行光
  struct DirLight  {vec3 direction; // 从光源出发到全局的方向vec3 ambient;vec3 diffuse;vec3 specular;
  };
  // 点光源
  struct PointLight  {vec3 position;  vec3 ambient;vec3 diffuse;vec3 specular;float constant; // 常数float linear;   // 一次项float quadratic;// 二次项
  };uniform DirLight dirLight;
  #define NR_POINT_LIGHTS 4
  uniform PointLight pointLights[NR_POINT_LIGHTS];uniform Material material;in vec3 FragPos;
  in vec3 Normal;
  in vec2 TexCoords;// 纹理坐标uniform vec3 viewPos;// 计算平行光影响当前片段的颜色
  vec3 CalcDirLight(DirLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 viewDir){vec3 lightDir = normalize(-light.direction);// 取负变为光源的方向向量，用在计算漫反射和镜面光分量时// 漫反射光照分量float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);// 得到光源对当前片段实际的漫反射影响// 镜面光光照分量vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);// 从纹理读取颜色分量vec3 ambient = light.ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, TexCoords));return (ambient + diffuse + specular);
  }
  // 计算点光源影响当前片段的颜色
  vec3 CalcPointLight(PointLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir){vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - fragPos);// 漫反射光照分量float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);// 得到光源对当前片段实际的漫反射影响// 镜面光光照分量vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);// 衰减系数float distance = length(light.position - fragPos);float attenuation = 1.0 / (light.constant + light.linear * distance +light.quadratic * distance * distance);// 从纹理读取颜色分量vec3 ambient = light.ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, TexCoords));// 衰减后ambient *= attenuation;diffuse *= attenuation;specular *= attenuation;return (ambient + diffuse + specular);
  }
  void main()
  {// 属性vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);// 平行光vec3 result = CalcDirLight(dirLight, norm, viewDir);// 点光源for(int i = 0; i < NR_POINT_LIGHTS; i++){result += CalcPointLight(pointLights[i], norm, FragPos, viewDir);}FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
  }
  

• cpp

  lightingShader.use();
  lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
  lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);
  lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);
  // 平行光
  lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.direction", -0.2f, -1.0f, -0.3f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.diffuse", 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);// 点光源
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].position", pointLightPositions[0]);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[0].constant", 1.0f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[0].linear", 0.09f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[0].quadratic", 0.032f);lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].position", pointLightPositions[1]);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[1].constant", 1.0f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[1].linear", 0.09f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[1].quadratic", 0.032f);lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].position", pointLightPositions[2]);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[2].constant", 1.0f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[2].linear", 0.09f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[2].quadratic", 0.032f);lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].position", pointLightPositions[3]);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[3].constant", 1.0f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[3].linear", 0.09f);
  lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[3].quadratic", 0.032f);
  // -----------
  while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
  {// view/projection transformationsglm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);// 绑定漫反射贴图-出过错，放在绘制光源cube那里glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture3);glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; i++){glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);model = glm::translate(model, cubePositions[i]);float angle = 20.0f * i;model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);}// 绘画灯// world transformationglm::mat4 model;lightCubeShader.use();lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {model = glm::mat4(1.0f);model = glm::translate(model, pointLightPositions[i]);model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f));lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);}glfwSwapBuffers(window);glfwPollEvents();
  

• 关键代码

  glsl

  #define NR_POINT_LIGHTS 4
  uniform PointLight pointLights[NR_POINT_LIGHTS];
  

  cpp

  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].position", pointLightPositions[1]);
  lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
  

没有聚光灯效果

有聚光灯效果

• 修改代码

  glsl

  .....
  struct Material {sampler2D diffuse;  // 漫反射颜色分量从纹理采样sampler2D specular;//  镜面光照颜色分量从纹理采样sampler2D spotLightDiffuse;//  聚光灯的漫反射颜色分量从纹理采样float shininess;
  }; 
  .....
  uniform SpotLight spotLight;// 计算点光源影响当前片段的颜色
  vec3 CalcPointLight(PointLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir){vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - fragPos);// 漫反射光照分量float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);// 得到光源对当前片段实际的漫反射影响// 镜面光光照分量vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);// 衰减系数float distance = length(light.position - fragPos);float attenuation = 1.0 / (light.constant + light.linear * distance +light.quadratic * distance * distance);// 从纹理读取颜色分量vec3 ambient = light.ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, TexCoords));// 衰减后ambient *= attenuation;diffuse *= attenuation;specular *= attenuation;return (ambient + diffuse + specular);
  }
  void main()
  {........// 点光源for(int i = 0; i < NR_POINT_LIGHTS; i++){result += CalcPointLight(pointLights[i], norm, FragPos, viewDir);}// 聚光灯result += CalcSpotLight(spotLight, norm, FragPos, viewDir);FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
  }
  

  cpp

  unsigned int texture3 = loadTexture("assest/textures/spotlightimg.jpg");
  lightingShader.setInt("material.spotLightDiffuse", 2);
  // -----------
  while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
  {// 聚光灯lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.ambient", 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f);lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.position", camera.Position);lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.direction", camera.Front);// direction是光照射方向lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.cutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(12.5f)));lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.outerCutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(17.5f)));lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.constant", 1.0f);lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.linear", 0.09f);lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.quadratic", 0.032f);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture3);
  

• 效果